• Analisis Frame Semantics untuk Makna dan Padanan Kamus Dwibahasa Melayu-Inggeris: Entri Kata Kerja "Mengambil"
  (A Frame Semantic Analysis of Meaning and Equivalents in Malay-English Dictionaries: The Entry for the Verb "Mengambil")
  Intan Safinaz Zainudin, Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin and Imran Ho Abdullah
  
  Abstrak: Kajian terhadap kamus dwibahasa oleh pengkaji tempatan di Malaysia kebanyakannya tertumpu pada masalah padanan sahaja. Artikel ini menawarkan kajian linguistik untuk mengendalikan masalah pembahagian sensa makna dan padanan untuk entri "mengambil" daripada dua kamus dwibahasa Melayu-Inggeris, iaitu Kamus Intelek Malay-English Dictionary dan Kamus Perwira Bahasa Melayu-Bahasa Inggeris. Entri "mengambil" daripada kedua-dua kamus dwibahasa ini didapati tidak lengkap daripada segi pembahagian maknanya apabila dibandingkan dengan kamus rujukan, iaitu Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat. Untuk mengendalikan permasalahan pembahagian sensa makna, teori frame semantics dipilih dan diterapkan dalam analisis linguistik berdasarkan data korpus Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia-Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (UKM-DBP) yang mengandungi lima juta patah perkataan bahasa Melayu. Analisis frame semantics mengenal pasti makna ranah berdasarkan bukti korpus bersama maklumat valensi yang membezakan ranah-ranah tersebut. Analisis mendapati bahawa ranah Mengambil Fizikal boleh dibahagikan kepada empat ranah yang lain, manakala ranah Mengambil Abstrak pula boleh dikembangkan kepada tiga ranah yang lain. Artikel ini hanya membincangkan analisis dua ranah, iaitu ranah Mengambil Fizikal dan ranah Melakukan Aktiviti. Jika ranah-ranah untuk kata "mengambil" sudah dikenal pasti, maka setiap ranah tersebut dipetakan dengan ranah bahasa Inggeris daripada FrameNet. Pemetaan ranah bahasa Melayu dan ranah bahasa Inggeris daripada FrameNet membawa kepada padanan bahasa Inggeris yang sesuai untuk entri kamus yang akan dicadangkan. Kajian ini seterusnya menawarkan entri kamus "mengambil" yang lebih tersusun dan mantap daripada segi penyusunan makna dan padanan bahasa Inggeris yang lebih sesuai. Kajian yang dibincangkan ini menunjukkan aplikasi frame semantics berjaya menyusun semula sensa kata "mengambil" bersama padanan bahasa Inggeris yang sesuai.
  
  Kata kunci dan frasa: frame semantics, ranah makna, kamus dwibahasa, FrameNet, padanan
  
  Abstract: In Malaysia, research into bilingual dictionaries is mainly focusing on the equivalents. This article is a linguistic analysis research to determine the sense division of an entry "mengambil" from two bilingual dictionaries, Intelek Malay-English Dictionary and Kamus Perwira Bahasa Melayu-Bahasa Inggeris. The sense division of the verb entry "mengambil" from the two bilingual dictionaries is incomplete compared to the same entry from the Malay dictionary Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat. Frame Semantics is adopted in the analysis of the five million word UKM-DBP Malay corpus data to identify the frames of "mengambil". The frames contain frame elements and valence patterns that differentiate one frame from another. The linguistic analysis shows that the physical frame "Mengambil Fizikal" can be further divided into four frames and the abstract frame "Mengambil Abstrak" can be further divided into three frames. This article only discusses two frames: "Mengambil Fizikal" and "Melakukan Aktiviti" which is one of the frames for "Mengambil Abstrak". All the Malay frames are mapped onto the English equivalent frames from the FrameNet database. The mappings of the Malay frames with equivalent English frames lead to the English equivalents that are suitable for bilingual dictionary entry of "mengambil". This analysis offers a complete and revised sense division of the entry "mengambil".
  
  Keywords and phrases: frame semantics, frame, bilingual dictionary, FrameNet, equivalents

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• Contemporary Acehnese Cultural Prohibitions and the Practice of Mystical Threats
  Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf and Qismullah Yusuf
  
  Abstract: This article examines the cultural norms and customs of the Acehnese by analysing their traditional oral prohibitions, or haba ureueng tuha. In Aceh, cultural prohibitions are used to indirectly teach children cultural norms and manners. These prohibitions are typically followed by threats of misfortune or supernatural warnings. Because few studies of Acehnese cultural prohibitions exist in the literature, this article reports specifically on the role of mystical threats in some Acehnese prohibitions. By conducting interviews with 100 informants, 19 prohibitions containing mystical threats were collected. These threats were further categorised into four groups: black magic, evil spirits, ghouls and sunset-related prohibitions. Mystical threats were traditionally used to draw attention to forbidden behaviour. However, the use of mystical threats is changing; as education levels rise and the use of communication technologies increases, the basis for mystical threats is being challenged. This research found that although most modern Acehnese people do not strictly believe the mystical threats attached to the prohibitions, these prohibitions are still used to teach people how to behave virtuously and in accordance with their beliefs and traditions.

Keywords and phrases: Acehnese, cultural prohibitions, mystical threats, beliefs, traditional practices

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• Negotiating a New Order in the Straits of Malacca (1500–1700)
  Ingrid S. Mitrasing
  
  Abstract: The Portuguese conquest of Malacca in 1511 was a watershed moment, revolutionising the history of the Straits region. Its impact and the local response, as well as the arrival of northern Europeans at the turn of the 16th into the 17th centuries, breaking into the Portuguese trade monopoly, are examined and analysed. War was the catalyst for change. The conquest of Malacca in 1641 by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was another significant moment in the history of the region and a continuation of the European presence and influence.

Keywords and phrases: encounters, war, control, diplomacy, fission

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• Hajj and the Malayan Experience, 1860s–1941
  Aiza Maslan @ Baharudin
  
  Abstract: Contrary to popular belief, the hajj is a high-risk undertaking for both pilgrims and administrators. For the Malay states, the most vexing problem for people from the mid-nineteenth century until the Second World War was the spread of epidemics that resulted from passenger overcrowding on pilgrim ships. This had been a major issue in Europe since the 1860s, when the international community associated the hajj with the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases. Accusations were directed at various parties, including the colonial administration in the Straits Settlements and the British administration in the Malay states. This article focuses on epidemics and overcrowding on pilgrim ships and the resultant pressure on the British, who were concerned that the issue could pose a threat to their political position, especially when the Muslim community in the Malay states had become increasingly exposed to reformist ideas from the Middle East following the First World War.

Keywords and phrases: Malays, hajj, epidemics, British administration, Straits Settlements, Malay states

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