BACHELOR OF PHARMACY UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA ACADEMIC SESSION 2006/2007

FOR ALL PROGRAMMES [EXCEPT MEDICAL SCIENCES/DENTAL SCIENCES] [10 JULY 2006 – 8 JULY 2007]
1. FIRST SEMESTER [Monday, 10/07/2006 - Friday, 17/11/ 2006] - 19 weeks
Teaching Learning Period		-	7 weeks [Monday, 10/07/2006 – Friday, 25/08/2006]
Mid Semester Break		-	1 week [Saturday, 26/08/2006 – Sunday, 03/09/2006]
Teaching Learning Period		-	7 weeks [Monday, 04/09/2006 – Friday, 20/10/2006]
Revision Week**		-	1 week [Saturday, 21/10/2006 – Sunday, 29/10/2006]
Examinations		-	3 weeks [Monday, 30/10/2006 - Friday, 17/11/2006]
2. SEMESTER BREAK [Saturday, 18/11/2006 – Sunday, 17/12/2006] - 4 weeks @
3. SECOND SEMESTER [Monday, 18/12/2006 – Friday, 27/04/2007] - 19 weeks
Teaching Learning Period		-	8 weeks [Monday, 18/12/2006 – Friday, 09/02/2007]
Mid Semester Break #		-	1 week [Saturday, 10/02/2007 – Sunday, 18/02/2007]
Teaching Learning Period		-	6 weeks [Monday, 19/02/2007 – Friday, 30/03/2007]
Revision Week		-	1 week [Saturday, 31/03/2007 – Sunday, 08/04/2007]
Examinations		-	3 weeks [Monday, 09/04/2007 – Friday, 27/04/2007]
	4. LONG VACATION [Saturday, 28/04/2007 – Sunday, 08/07/2007] - 10 weeks
	5. COURSES DURING LONG VACATION [Saturday, 28/04/2007 – Sunday, 08/07/2007] - 10 weeks
Vacation		-	4 weeks [Saturday, 28/04/2007 – Sunday, 27/05/2007]
Teaching Learning Period		-	2 weeks [Monday, 28/05/2007 – Friday, 08/06/2007]
Examinations		-	1 week [Monday, 11/06/2007 – Friday, 15/06/2007]
Vacation		-	3 weeks [Saturday, 16/06/2007 – Friday, 08/07/2007]
	Note: ** Hari Raya Puasa [23-24 October 2006]
	@ Deepavali [19 November 2006]
	# Tahun Baru Cina [18-19 February 2007]

MAIN OFFICIALS OF THE SCHOOL

DEAN Assoc. Prof. Abas Hj. Hussin

DEPUTY DEAN (Academic and Student Affairs) Assoc. Prof. Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman

DEPUTY DEAN (Research and Postgraduate Studies) Assoc. Prof. Pazilah Ibrahim

PROGRAMME CHAIRMAN

PHARMACOLOGY Assoc. Prof. Mohd. Zaini Asmawi

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY Assoc. Prof. Norhayati Ismail

PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY Assoc. Prof. Azmin Mohd. Noor

CLINICAL PHARMACY Assoc. Prof. Mohd. Baidi Bahari

PHYSIOLOGY Assoc. Prof. Munavvar Zubaid

SOCIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PHARMACY Assoc. Prof. Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim

PhD CLINICAL PHARMACY Assoc. Prof. Yahaya Hassan

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE SEDAYA INTERNATIONAL Assoc. Prof. Mariam Ahmad

ASSISTANT REGISTRAR Mr. Abd. Hadi Ahmad

LISTING OF ACADEMIC, ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL STAFF

Professors		Field of Specialty	Ext./Room No./e-mail
Ahmad Pauzi Md. Yusof		Physiology	2254/J01-102
	B.Sc. (Sheff.), M.Phil. (Nott.), Ph.D. (Birm.)		apauzi@usm.my
Chan Kit Lam		Pharmaceutical	2696/ J02-137
	B.Pharm., Ph.D. (Sing.)	Chemistry	klchan@usm.my
Saringat Hj. Baie
	B.Pharm., Sarjana Farmasi (I.T. Bandung),	Pharmaceutical	2228/ J02-115
	Ph.D. (Lond.)	Technology	saringat@usm.my
Yuen Kah Hay		Pharmaceutical	2228/2621/ J02-108
	B.Pharm., M.Sc. (USM), Ph.D. (Lond.)	Technology	khyuen@usm.my
Zhari Hj. Ismail		Pharmaceutical	2242/ J02-139
	Sarjana Farmasi, (I.T. Bandung), Ph.D. (Strath.)	Chemistry	zhari@usm.my

Associate Professors		Field of Specialty	Ext./Room No./e-mail
Abas Hj. Hussin
	B.Pharm. (Zagazig), M.Sc. (Strath.),	Pharmacology	2211/3812/ J01-006
	Ph.D. (Glasgow)		abas@usm.my
Ab. Fatah Hj. Ab. Rahman
	B.Sc. (Pharm.) (Brighton), M.Sc. (USM),	Clinical	4088/ J01-107
	Pharm.D. (Minn.)	Pharmacy	fatah@usm.my
Amirin Sadikun		Pharmaceutical	4086/J02-134
	B.Sc. (UKM), Ph.D. (Lond.)	Chemistry	amirin@usm.my
Ang Hooi Hoon		Pharmaceutical	2264/ J02-130
	B.Pharm., Ph.D. (USM)	Chemistry	hhang@usm.my
Azmi Sarriff		Clinical	2487/ J012-132
	B.Pharm. (USM), Pharm.D. (Minn.)	Pharmacy	azmi@usm.my
Azmin Mohd. Noor		Pharmaceutical	2233/J02-126
	B.Pharm. (USM), Ph.D. (Strath.)	Technology	azmin@usm.my
Mariam Ahmad		Physiology	2258/ J01-105
	B.Sc. (I.T.Bandung), M.Pharm. (Brad.)		mariam@usm.my

Associate Professors		Field of Specialty	Ext./Room No./e-mail
Mohd. Baidi Bahari		Clinical	4089/J01-129
	B.Pharm. (USM), Pharm.D. (Minn.), MACCP	Pharmacy	baidi@usm.my
Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim		Social	2579/ J01-127
	B.Pharm. (USM), Ph.D. (PCPS)	Pharmacy	mizham@usm.my
Mohd. Zaini Asmawi
	Sarjana Farmasi (I.T.Bandung), M.Sc.,	Pharmacology	2226/J01-112
	Ph.D. (Brad.)		amzaini@usm.my
Munavvar Zubaid Abdul Sattar		Physiology	2251/J01-108
	B.Pharm., M.Sc. (USM), Ph.D. (Birm.)		munavvar@usm.my
Noorizan Abdul Aziz
	B.Pharm. (USM), M.Sc. (USC),	Clinical	2387/J01-133
	Pharm.D. (Minn.)	Pharmacy	naa@usm.my
Norhayati Ismail		Pharmaceutical	2209/J02-136
	Sarjana Farmasi (I.T.Bandung), Ph.D. (Lond.)	Chemistry	inor@usm.my
Pazilah Ibrahim
	B.Sc. (Monash), M.Sc. (Massey),	Pharmaceutical	4149/2206/J02-116
	Ph.D. (Newcastle)	Technology	pazilah@usm.my
Peh Kok Khiang		Pharmaceutical	2257/J02-125
	B.Pharm., Ph.D. (USM)	Technology	kkpeh@usm.my
Saad Othman		Clinical	2248/J01-115
	B.Pharm., M.Sc. (USM), Cert. Onco (WA)	Pharmacy	saad@usm.my
Syed Azhar bin Syed Sulaiman		Clinical	2457/2212/2262/J01-110
	B.Pharm. (USM), Pharm.D. (Michigan)	Pharmacy	sazhar@usm.my
Yahaya Hassan
	B.Pharm. (USM), C.PWT (USC),	Clinical	2387/J01-134
	Pharm.D. (Minn.), MCCP (USA)	Pharmacy	yahaya@usm.my
Yusrida Darwis
	Sarjana Farmasi (I.T.Bandung),	Pharmaceutical	2264/J02-131
	M.Pharm. (Brad.), Ph.D. (Cardiff)	Technology	yusrida@usm.my
Yvonne Tan
	B.Sc. (Pharm.)(Wisc.), M.Sc. (USM),	Pharmaceutical	2207/J02-129
	Ph.D. (NUS)	Technology	yvonne@usm.my
Zuraidah Mohd. Yusoff		Clinical	2248/J01-116
	B.Pharm. (USM), Ph.D. (Leicester)	Pharmacy	zuraidah@usm.my

Senior Lecturers		Field of Specialty	Ext./Room No./e-mail
Habibah A. Wahab
	B.Sc. (Liverpool), M.Sc. (Lond.),	Pharmaceutical	2437/2438/J02-117
	Ph.D. (Lond.)	Technology	habibahw@usm.my
Nornisah Mohamed		Pharmaceutical	2208/J02-133
	B.Sc. (Hon.) (La Trobe), Ph.D. (Bath)	Chemistry	nornisah@usm.my
Rusliza Basir		Pharmacology	2226/J01-113
	B.Sc. (Liverpool), Ph.D. (Manchester)		rusliza@usm.my

Lecturers		Field of Specialty	Ext./Room No./e-mail
Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
	B.Sc. (Auckland), M.Sc. (New South Wales)	Pharmacology	2232/J01-111
	Ph.D. (New South Wales)		amin@usm.my
Aishah Saad Abdul Rahim		Pharmaceutical	4094/J02-106
	B.Pharm. (Cardiff), Ph.D. (Nottingham)	Chemistry	aisyah@usm.my
Fatyah-Ishsalynne Ishak		Pharmacology	2205/J01-109
	M.D. (USM), Ph.D. (Nott.)		shay@usm.my
Gam Lay Harn		Pharmaceutical	2208/J02-138
	B.Sc. (UM), M.Phil. (UM), Ph.D. (USM)	Chemistry	layharn@usm.my
Khairul Niza bt. Abdul Razak		Physiology	2258/J01-104
	B.Sc. (Adelaide), M.Med.Sc. (UKM)		niza@usm.my
Mehdi Riazi		Pharmaceutical	2227/J02-128
	B.A. (Iran), M.Sc. (USA), ASCP (USA)	Technology	mehdi@usm.my
Mohamed Azmi Ahmad Hassali		Social	4085/J02-128
	B.Pharm., M.Pharm. (USM), Ph.D. (Monash)	Pharmacy	azmihassali@usm.my
Nurzalina bt. Abdul Karim Khan		Pharmaceutical	2225/J02-103
	B.Pharm. (Lond.), Ph.D. (Lond.)	Technology	nurza@usm.my
Salizawati Muhamad Salhimi		Pharmaceutical	2194/J02-105
	B.Sc. (UKM), Ph.D. (Lond.)	Chemistry	saliza@usm.my

Lecturers from Other Schools/Centres
Ahmad Tajuddin Othman, Dr.		School of Education
	B.Sc. (Oklahoma State), M.Sc. (Tennessee),
	Ph.D. (Purdue)
Aishah Abdul Latiff, Professor		Doping Control Centre
	B.Sc., Ph.D. (Melb.)
Dzulkifli Abdul Razak, Prof. Dato’		Chancellory
	B. Pharm. (USM), M.Sc. (Strath.), PJK,
	DPMS
Foong Kin, Assoc. Prof. Dr.		Centre for Drug Research
	B.Soc.Sc. (USM), M.Sc. (USM), Ph.D. (UM)
Mohd. Nizam Hj. Mordi, Dr.		Centre for Drug Research
	B.Sc. (UKM), M.Sc. (USM),
	Ph.D. (Manchester)
Rahmat Awang, Professor		National Poison Centre
	B.Pharm. (USM), Pharm.D. (Minn.)
Razak bin Lajis		National Poison Centre
	B.Pharm. (USM), M.Sc. (USM)
Roziahanim Mahmud, Dr.		Doping Control Centre
	B.Sc. (USA). M.Sc. (USA),
	Ph.D. (Liverpool)
Sabariah Ismail, Dr.		Centre for Drug Research
	B.Sc. (USA), M.Sc. (USA),
	Ph.D. (Liverpool)
Sharif Mahsufi Mansor, Professor		Centre for Drug Research
	B.Pharm. (USM), M.Sc. (USM),
	Ph.D. (Liverpool)
Surash Ramanathan, Dr.		Centre for Drug Research
	B.Sc. (UKM), Ph.D. (USM)
Tan Soo Choon, Assoc. Prof. Dr.		USAINS Holding Sdn. Bhd.
	B.Pharm. (USM), M.Sc. (USM),
	Ph.D. (Lond.)

Honorary Consultants
Dr. Ong Chee Leng	-	Pengarah Kesihatan Negeri
Mrs. Normah Musa	-	Timbalan Pengarah Kesihatan Negeri (Farmasi)
Dato’ Dr. Lim Yu Hoe	-	Ketua Jabatan Perubatan
Dr. Zaininah Mohd. Zain	-	Pengarah Hospital
Dr. Rozina Ghazali	-	Pakar Nefrologi
Dato’ Dr. Omar Ismail	-	Ketua Jabatan Kardiologi
Dato’ Dr. Jahiza Hassan	-	Pakar Anesthesiologi
Dato’ Dr. Hj. Abdul Razak Mutallif	-	Pakar Perunding Perubatan Dada
Dr. T. Arumainathan	-	Ketua Jabatan Obstetrik & Ginekologi
Mr. Manjit Singh	-	Ketua Jabatan Bedah
Dr. Rivathy Nellusamy	-	Ketua Jabatan Pediatrik
Esam El-Sherbieny Abd. El-Aal	-	Ketua Pegawai Onkologi
Mrs. Asma Murshid	-	Ketua Pegawai Farmasi
Dr. Hassan Merican	-	Pengarah Hospital Seberang Jaya
Dr. Lau Kim Kah	-	Pakar Perunding Psikiatri
Mr. Mohammad Hamzah Kamarulzaman	-	Ketua Jabatan Kardiotoksik
Dr. Sathindren A/L T. Santhirathelagan	-	Pakar Perubatan Neurologi, Hospital Pulau Pinang
Dr. Teo Aik Howe	-	Ketua Jabatan Kecemasan, Hospital Pulau Pinang

Honorary Lecturers from Hospital USM, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan

Assoc. Prof. Rusli Ismail

Mr. Azmat Mat

Ms. Nurul Badariah Hassan

Mr. Dellimin Abdullah

Mrs. Noor Aini Abu Samah

Pharmacy Preceptors

Mrs. Hajah Zubaidah Che Embee

Mrs. Noraini Abd. Kader

Mrs. Suhana Hussein

Ms. Ruhaizam Mohd. Hanafiah

Mrs. Siti Normiyah Hussin

Ms. Oyammal a/p Chelliah

Ms. Tajunnisah Mohamed Eusoff

Mrs. Zuhaila Bt. Mohamed Ikbar

Ms. Lam Lai Fun

Ms. Chan Pui Min

Mrs. Nor Asmah Mohd. Noor

Mrs. Jaysheila a/p Manoharan

Ms. Law Chuan Lin

Ms. Lili Hartini Bt. Othman

Mrs. Haslina Hashim

Invited Lecturers
Mr. Mohammad Zaip Ahmad	-	Registry Department, USM
Dr. Mohd. Ali Abd. Khadir	-	Hospital Pulau Pinang
Dr. V. Javahar	-	Cargill Feed Sdn. Bhd.

Administrative Staff
Mr. Abdul Hadi Ahmad	-	Assistant Registrar
B.A. (Hons.) Soc. Sc. (USM)		2250/J01-011/abdhadi@notes.usm.my

Technical Staffs
Mr. Chuah Lian Siah	-	Assistant Science Officer
Mrs. Yong Mee Nyok	-	Assistant Science Officer
Mr. Fisal Jamaludin	-	Assistant Science Officer
Mr. Saitoh Salam	-	Senior Lab Assistant
Mr. Abd. Majid Ahmad	-	Senior Lab Assistant
Mr. Tan Seow Pheng	-	Senior Lab Assistant
Mr. Mohamad Hassan Hj Ramli	-	Senior Lab Assistant
Pharmacy Officer
Mrs. Che Gayah Omar B. Pharm. (USM)

INTRODUCTION

The Philosophy And Backgroud Of The Bachelor Of Pharmacy Degree

A pharmacist is a professional scientist who possesses the skills in all aspects relating to the design, development, delivery, supply, control, and the usage of drugs. The School is currently using an integrated approach in teaching and learning since pharmacists need to acquire a broad range of scientific education. The Bachelor of Pharmacy degree correlates scientific findings with a strong foundation of core science courses. The students could expand their knowledge in physiology, microbiology, medicinal chemistry (drug chemistry), pharmaceutics (drug formulation to produce safe and effective medication), pharmacology (drug action on the body), and clinical and administrative pharmacy (pathophysiology, drug treatment, and the administration and control of drugs).

Established in 1972, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia is the first pharmacy School in Malaysia. The School offers Bachelor of Pharmacy and Masters of Pharmacy in Clinical Pharmacy degree by coursework, and Masters of Science and Doctoral degrees by research. The degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy with Honours is offered through a four-year programme.

The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences started its first intake of 22 students in 1972, 4 years after Universiti Sains Malaysia was established in Penang. During its brief history, the School has undergone many changes and developments, both physical and academic. It moved to the present premises in 1991, and now has modern and well-equipped laboratories for teaching and research. The current staff strength stands at 40 full-time lecturers and 10 administrative staff, and 43 technical staff members. In addition, the School is also using the services of about 13 part-time lecturers from other schools or centres of the University, 17 honorary consultants from the Health Department of Penang, Hospital Pulau Pinang, and Hospital Seberang Jaya, and 9 Pharmacy Preceptors for its clinical program.

To date, the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences has produced more than 2000 undergraduates and around 180 postgraduate students, many of whom are presently holding important positions in the public and corporate sectors. Due to the increasing demand for pharmacy education in Malaysia, the annual intake has increased to 133 students in the 2002/2003 Academic Session. Even with the increase and recent establishment of two more departments of pharmacy in University of Malaya and National University of Malaysia (1995) respectively, entrance requirements into pharmacy remains very competitive. Since the year 2000, the School has started external pharmacy degree programme with Sedaya International College, Kuala Lumpur, by smart partnership programme with private institutes of higher learning. There are local postgraduate students as well as those from foreign countries, including students from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Thailand, Pakistan, Libya, Ghana, Yemen, Sudan, India, St.Vincent and Jordan.

In addition to teaching the undergraduate programme, which is the main priority of the School since its establishment, research activities are also emphasized and are part of the culture of the School. Since 10 yers ago, research activities have increased by leaps and bounds, some in close collaboration with local research institutions, and others with foreign universities. Most of the research projects are supported by government or private research grants that are awarded to the lecturers involved.

The school also undertakes much consultation work for the local pharmaceutical industry as well as for some multinational companies. Some of the activities include in-vivo bioavailability studies, chemical and drug analyses, pyrogen testing, product development, and toxicity and biological assays.

This School is also a member of Association of American College of Pharmacy (AACP).

Objectives of The Bachelor of Pharmacy Degree

The Bachelor of Pharmacy Degree offered by the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USM aims to:

Ø produce graduates of good quality, well-rounded, skillful, resourceful, inquisitive and competitive both locally and globally.

Ø produce graduates who are ethical, professional, nationalistic, patriotic and have leadership potentials in the pharmacy profession and in the community.

Ø prepare graduates for life-long learning and able to adapt to k-economy.

Ø produce graduates who are caring, have an interest in serving mankind, loving, united and sensitive towards the variety in the socio-culture of our country.

ACADEMIC SYSTEM

Interpretation Unit/Credit:

[a] Unit

Each course is given a value which is called UNIT. The unit is determined by the scope of its syllabus and the work load of its students. In general, a unit is defined as follows:-

Type of Course	Definition of Unit
Theory	1 unit is equivalent to 1 contact hour per week for 13–14 weeks in one semester.
Practical/Laboratory	1 unit is equivalent to 1.5 contact hours per week for 13–14 weeks in one semester
Language Proficiency	1 unit is equivalent to 1.5 contact hours per week for 13–14 weeks in one semester.
Industrial Training/ Teaching Practice	1 unit is equivalent to 2 weeks of training.

[b] Contact

Contact is defined as formal face to face meeting between the academic staff and his/her students and it may take the form of lectures, tutorials, seminar, laboratory and field work.

[c] Accumulated Credit Unit

Units registered and passed are known as Credits. To graduate, students must accumulate the total number of credits stipulated for the programme concerned.

Information On Course Registration

[a] On-line Course Registration Activity

On-line course registration procedure requires all students to register courses every semester. Registration is usually on the Friday and Saturday before the beginning of each semester to ensure that studies begin on the first day of the semester.

Each school is responsible for scheduling this activity. Students must refer to the schedule at their respective school notice boards.

Prior to registration, students are required to collect the following documents from their school office:-

[i] Course registration form

[ii] Cumulative statement of grades (“CANGRED”)

[iii] Class schedule

[iv] List of courses offered

Students are reminded that course registration is official and final. As such, the following details need to be checked carefully to avoid any errors which can lead to problems:

- Course code

- Unit

- Classification of course

- Class schedules

- Course pre-requisite

- Conditions imposed by the school

- Maximum & minimum units allowed for registration.

[b] Academic Advisor

[i] Students should plan their courses for the entire duration of their studies.

[ii] Students should meet & discuss their course registration with their academic advisors.

[iii] Students must obtain the signatures of their academic advisors for the courses they intend to register.

[c] Class Schedule and List of courses offered

The class schedule and list of courses offered will be prepared by the respective schools and displayed on the Notice Boards. Students must refer to both of them before selecting their courses. Students are not allowed to register for courses where there is overlapping of lecture hours.

[d] Registration of Language and Co-curriculum courses

[i] All matters pertaining to the registration, adding or dropping of Language & Co-Curriculum courses will be managed by the Centre for Languages & Translation and the Student Affairs Department respectively.

[ii] Early registration for Malay & English Language courses will be conducted by the Centre for Languages & Translation, and by the Student Affairs Department for Co-Curriculum courses.

[iii] After the selection process, successful candidates will have their courses registered automatically into the system before the on-line course registration activity begins.

[iv] If there is a need to drop any course, it must be done within the first week. A penalty of RM50.00 will be imposed if a course is dropped after the first week.

[e] Classification of Types of Courses

Students are allowed to register for any course provided they fulfill the mandatory pre-requisites of the course. Registration of courses to meet the requirements of the Programme of Study is divided into the following types: -

T	-	Core (major) Courses
E	-	Elective Courses
U	-	University Courses
................................................................................................................................
Y	-	Audit courses which are taken solely for acquiring knowledge	} } } } } } }	Performance/grades of these courses will not contribute to the overall calculation and total number of credits graduation.
Z	-	Special courses for which a of marks, minimum “C” grade (pass) is required before being required for allowed to proceed to a higher level course (as a prerequisite)

[f] Minimum and Maximum Units Allowed for Registration per Semester

Course Registration by “Active” Students

The minimum and maximum units allowed for registration in each semester are as follows: -

Minimum	Maximum
9	20

[i] The maximum limit permitted includes units for Co-Curriculum & repeated courses. Students are allowed to exceed this maximum limit for Practical Training/Teaching Practice/Industrial Training, which are conducted during the long vacation.

[ii] The maximum and minimum units are final. Deans cannot waive this ruling at their discretion. However, they have the prerogative to allow a student to register less than the minimum units allowed, although this is only for those students who have exceeded the minimum residential requirement.

Course Registration by “Probationary” Students

The maximum units allowed for registration in each semester by “Probationary” students are as follows: -

Academic Status	Maximum Units
Probation I [P1]	15
Probation II [P2]	13

[g] Classification of year equivalent

Students are classified in the year equivalent to first, second, third or fourth year based on the number of credits accumulated, as follows: -

Total credits	Year equivalent based on Total Credits Accumulated
for graduation	First	Second	Third	Fourth
143	0 - 38	39 - 76	77 - 114	>115

[h] Course Verification Slip

The verification slip given to students after the on-line course registration must be checked carefully to ensure that there are no errors. If there are any errors regarding courses registered, corrections must be done immediately at the respective schools during the registration period.

[i] Late Registration/Adding of Courses

Late registration/adding of courses without a valid reason is not allowed after the registration period. However, consideration may be given as follows: -

[i] Late registration/adding of courses, with valid reasons, may be approved by the Dean/Deputy Dean in the first and second week only, and is subject to a penalty of RM50.00.

[ii] Adding of courses during the third week, with valid reasons, may be recommended by the Dean/Deputy Dean before forwarding to The Data Processing & Records Unit, subsequently for consideration by the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic), and is subject to a penalty of RM 50.00.

[iii] Requests for adding of courses after the third week will not be entertained.

[j] Dropping of Courses

Students are allowed to drop courses by the sixth week on condition that they have abided by the ruling stipulated by the University, as follows: -

[i] The student must complete the relevant form to drop the course, with the recommendation of the lecturer and the Dean’s approval, and then submit the form to the Examinations Unit.

[ii] A student intending to drop a Language course must obtain the signature and stamp of the Director/Deputy Director of the Centre for Languages & Translation as well as the signature and stamp of the Dean in his/her School.

[iii] A student intending to drop a Co-Curriculum course must obtain the signature and stamp of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Student Affairs) as well as the signature and stamp of the Dean in his/her School.

[iv] This privilege to drop a course should not be abused. A lecturer at his/her discretion cannot recommend a student’s request to drop a course if the student has not been serious about the course, e.g. not attending lectures, tutorials, practical training or not doing the coursework. In such cases, students can be barred from taking the examination, given a grade of “X”, and hence not allowed to take the course during the long vacation (KSCP).

[k] Updating of Academic Records

The student’s academic record details are printed in the “CANGRED” and Course Registration Forms. They are advised to check these details and if they find any incorrect details, they can update the information by using standard forms, which are available at their respective Schools or at the Data Processing & Records Unit (Level 5, Chancellory Building).

Students should inform their respective Schools and the Data Processing & Records Unit of any change in their semester, permanent and/or emergency addresses.

Course Code

Each course has a course code which is made up of 3 alphabets and 3 numbers. Its explanation is as follows:-

F X X n n n

Serial Number

Field:

1 = Pharmaceutical Chemistry

2 = Pharmaceutical Technology

3 = Physiology

4 = Integration

5 = Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy

6 = Pharmacology

7 = Elective

8 = Professional Course

(for professional registration)

Peringkat:

1 = Level 100 course

2 = Level 200 course

3 = Level 300 course

4 = Level 400 course

Type of Course:

AR = Core

EL = Elective

F = Pusat Pengajian Sains Farmasi

Examination System

Examination would be held at the end of every Semester. Students have to sit for the examination of courses they have registered. Students are required to pay all fees due and fulfill the standing requirements for lectures/tutorials/practical and other requirements before being allowed to sit for the examination of courses they registered. Course evaluation will be based on two components of coursework and final examinations. Coursework evaluation includes tests, essays, projects, assignments and participation in tutorials.

[a] Duration of Examination

Evaluated Courses	Examination Duration
2 units	1 hour for coursework of more than 40%
2 units	2 hours for coursework of 40% and below
3 units or more	2 hours for coursework of more than 40%
3 units or more	3 hours for coursework of 40% and below

[b] Barring From Examinations

Students will be barred from sitting the Final Examination, if the following conditions are not fulfilled as follows:

i) Absence from lectures and tutorials

ii) Have not completed/fulfilled the required components of course work

iii) Have not paid the academic fees

A grade ‘X’ would be awarded for a course in which a student is barred

[c] Grade Point Average System

Student evaluation achievement for courses registered will be as follows:

Grade	Grade Point
A	4.00
A-	3.67
B+	3.33
B	3.00
B-	2.67
C+	2.33
C	2.00
C-	1.67
D+	1.33
D	1.00
D-	0.67
F	0.00

Students who are awarded grade ‘C-’ and below would be given a chance to improve their grades by repeating the courses during the KSCP or normal semester. Students awarded with grade C and above will not be allowed to repeat the course.

The achievements of students in any semester are based on Grade Point Average [GPA] achieved from all the registered courses in a particular semester. GPA is the indicator to determine the academic performance of students in any semester.

CGPA is the Cumulative Grade Point Average accumulated by a student from one semester to another during the years of study.

Example of Calculation for GPA and CGPA:

	Course	Unit	Grade Point [GP]	Gred [G]	Total [GP]
Semester I:	ABC XX1	4	3.00	B	12.00
	ABC XX2	4	2.33	C+	9.32
	BCD XX3	3	1.67	C-	5.01
	CDE XX4	4	2.00	C	8.00
	EFG XX5	3	1.33	D+	3.99
	EFG XX 6	2	2.67	B-	5.34
		20			43.66

GPA = 43.66 = 2.18

20

	Course	Unit	Grade Point [GP]	Gred [G]	Total [GP]
Semester II:	ABC XX7	3	1.00	D	3.00
	ABC XX8	4	2.33	C+	9.32
	BBC XX9	4	2.00	C	8.00
	BCB X10	4	2.67	B-	10.68
	XYZ XX1	3	3.33	B+	9.99
		18			40.99

GPA = 40.99 = 2.28

18

CGPA = Total Accumulated GPG = 43.66 + 40.99 = 84.65

Total Accumulated Unit 20 + 18 38

= 2.23

From the above examples, the CGPA is calculated as the total grade point accumulated for all the courses registered divided by the total number of units registered.

[d] Courses During the Long Vacation [KSCP]

KSCP is offered to students who have taken a course earlier and obtained a grade of ‘C‘, ‘D+’, ‘D’, ‘D-‘, ‘F’ and ‘DK’ only. Students who have obtained a grade ‘X’ or ‘F*’ are not allowed to take the course during KSCP.

The purpose of KSCP is to:-

[i] Give an opportunity to students who are facing time constraints for graduation.

[ii] Assist students who need to accumulate a few more credits for graduation.

[iii] Assist “probationary” students to redeem their academic status.

[iv] Assist students who need to repeat a pre-requisite course which is not offered in the following semester.

However, this opportunity is only given to students who are taking courses that they have attempted before and achieved a grade as stipulated above, provided the course is being offered. Usually, formal lectures are not held, and teaching is via tutorials.

The duration of KSCP is 4 weeks, i.e. 3 weeks tutorial and 1 week examination, all held during the Long Vacation. The KSCP schedule is available in the University’s Academic Calendar.

Academic Standing/Level

[a] Active Level

Any student who achieves a GPA of 2.00 and above for any examination in a semester will be recognized as ACTIVE and be allowed to pursue his/her studies for the following semester.

[b] Probation Level

A probation level is given to any student who achieves a GPA of 1.99 and below. A student who is under Probation Level for three consecutive semesters (P1, P2, FO) will not be allowed to pursue his/her studies at the university. On the other hand, if the CGPA is 2.00 and above, the student concerned will be allowed to pursue his studies and will be maintained at P2 level.

Without any prejudice to the above regulations, the University Examination Council has the absolute right to terminate any student’s studies if his/her achievements do not satisfy and fulfill the accumulated minimum credit in line with the number of semesters completed by the student.

Number of Semester	Total Accumulated Minimum Credit Unit
	Pharmacy
End of Second Semester	16
End of Fourth Semester	38
End of Sixth Semester	60
End of Eighth Semester	80

The University Examination Council has the right to terminate any student’s studies due to certain reasons. As an example, a student who has not registered for the courses or has not taken his/her examination card or/and do not produce it in an examination without valid reasons including medical reasons, can be disqualified from pursuing his/her studies.

[c] Examination Result

º A Provisional Result [Pass/Fail] through the Tele-academic line : [600-83-7899] would be released and announced after the School Examination Council Meeting usually one month after the examination.

º The full result (grade) through the Tele-academic line: [600-83-7899] would be released and announced after the University Examination Council Meeting and is usually 2 weeks after the Provisional result.

º The Official Semester Result [Semgred] will be issued to students during the second week of the following semester.

Graduation Requirements

Students must fulfill the following requirements to graduate:

[a] Fulfill the minimum required residential during the course of studies.

[b] Fulfill all credit requirements the course program studies required units such as the requirements for each component [Core, Elective, Option and University courses].

[c] Obtained a CGPA of 2.00 and above for Core Components.

[d] Obtained a CGPA of 2.00 and above for the program.

[e] Achieved a minimum grade C or a grade point of 2.00 for Bahasa Malaysia, English Language and TITAS courses.

Credit Exemption

Credit exemption is the total credits given to students, who are pursuing their studies in USM. These credits which have been exempted will be not included for graduation purposes. Only accumulated credits acquired in USM will be considered for Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA). Requirements for credit exemption are:

[a] Diploma Students From Recognized Public and Private Institutions of Higher Learning:

i. Courses applied for credit exemption at first degree level in USM, should be equivalent to the course taken at diploma level.

ii. Courses at diploma level could be combined (in one or more combinations) for exemption of one course at university level.

iii. The minimum achievement at diploma level that could be considered for exemption is a grade C.

iv. The total semester exemption that can be given should not exceed two semesters.

[b] Students From Local or Overseas Public and Private Institutions of Higher Learning Pursuing Their Studies at USM in the Same Program:

i. Courses at the former Institution of Higher Learning must be equivalent to the courses applied at USM.

ii. The maximum total credit exemption is not more than 1/3 of the total unit required for graduation.

[c] Total Semester That Can Be Exempted

Program	Unit Requirements for Graduation	Total Number of Units for Exemption	Total Semester Exemption
		<16	None
4 years	130 - 150	16 – 32	1
		>32	2

Credit Transfer

Credit transfer is the recognition of the total number of units acquired by the USM student following a course at any Public Institution of Higher Learning within a study period at USM and the required conditions are as follows:

[a] Credit transfer would be considered for units obtained from any Public Institution of Higher Learning with courses offered by the related program, except for elective or option courses.

[b] Transfer of courses could be done only for courses having the same number of units or more. For equivalent courses with fewer units, the transfer of units could be endorsed by combining a few courses.

[c] The average grade for the combined courses would be considered in determining the Cumulative Grade Point Average

[d] The maximum number of units that could be transferred should not be more than one third of the whole number of units during the studies.

[e] The transfer of units from other Public Institutions of Higher Learning can only be done once from any Public Institutions of Higher Learning.

[f] Students are required to register courses at other Public Institutions of Higher Learning not less than the minimum and not more than the maximum number of required units stipulated in their programs. Students who register less than the minimum number of units require permission from the Dean.

[g] Students whose applications for credit transfer have been approved, are not permitted to withdraw the approved credit transfer once examination results are obtained.

STRUCTURE OF THE PHARMACY PROGRAMME CURRICULUM

The degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy with Honours is awarded after the student has successfully fulfilled all the requirements of a four year pharmacy programme.

The Pharmacy course consists of core, elective, option and university courses. The core courses are the main courses whereas elective courses are courses that provide advance knowledge on certain pharmaceutical aspects. Students may choose any elective course that is offered. Option courses, on the other hand, are courses in other fields such as Humanities, Social Sciences and Management. These courses are intended to equip the students to interact constructively with society, cultivate an understanding attitude towards people and develop a strong sense of responsibility towards the community.

Core courses offered at level 100, 200, 300 and 400 can be divided into 6 disciplines, namely:

Physiology

Pharmacology

Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Pharmaceutical Technology

Clinical Pharmacy, and

Social and Administrative Pharmacy

These courses are integrated in the curriculum.

Physiology provides knowledge of the function of the human body. It forms the basis for the understanding of the action, uses of drugs and pathophysiology of diseases that are taught in pharmacology and clinical pharmacy.

Pharmacology provides knowledge concerning various types of drugs that are used in the treatment of diseases. Discussion related to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects are the main content of this discipline.

Pharmaceutical Chemistry emphasizes the application of the principles of basic chemistry to the study of drugs, their physico-chemical properties, structures and their relationship to biological activities. Analytical techniques for identification and quality control of drugs and some aspects of natural product chemistry are taught.

Pharmaceutical Technology provides the knowledge in pharmaceutical formulation and preparation in various dosages, new dosage designs, industrial processes, quality control, microbiological control besides biopharmacy and pharmacokinetic aspects.

Clinical and Social Administrative Pharmacy introduces the students to disease states and disorders and the rationale of drug choice in the treatment and/or prevention of these illnesses. Clinical Pharmacy emphasizes on the integration of all disciplines in pharmacy. To enable students to understand and acquire detailed knowledge pertaining to the role of a pharmacist in the clinical situation, students are required to participate in ward rounds at the Hospital Pulau Pinang, Hospital Seberang Jaya and community pharmacy in the Penang area. The pharmaceutical aspects of social and administration (such as economic, policy and behavioural) are also introduced.

Social and Administrative Program/Dicipline the social and administration program is designed to prepare individuals for responsible, leadership position in pharmacy education, research and/or management in academia, industry or public service. This includes possible careers in governmental agency, pharmaceutical firms, community pharmacies, universities, professional and international bodies and health insurance companies in the future. Along with the increasing importance of medicines and drugs in society, there are increasing complex interactions among government and non-governmental agencies, providers, consumers and policy-makers thus resulting in a critical need for persons with advanced training in social and administrative pharmacy. The mission of the Social & Administrative Program is to educate students to become competent and innovative researches, educators and administrators with a critical understanding of health care services, health economics and administrative sciences. There is a rich diversity of roles and responsibilitites represented within the program and the common theme uniting the faculty is and must be, scholarship in its application to pharmacy, health services and patient care.

Graduating Unit Structure

NO	TYPE OF COURSES	UNIT
1	Core	116
2	Elective*	12
3	University/Option** (i) Bahasa Malaysia (ii) English Language (iii) Ethnic Relation-SHE (iv) Co-Curriculum/Option (v) Skills/Analytical Courses	2 4 4 3 2
	TOTAL	143

* Offered by the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences only.

** Bahasa Malaysia Course/ English Language/SHE /Co-Curriculum, courses which require Skills/Analytical Technique based on student’s interest.

Core

[a] Core Courses – Level 100

NO.	CODE/ UNIT	COURSE TITLE	COURSE WORK (%)	EXAMINATION (%)
(1^st SEMESTER)
1.	FAR 111/4	Principles of Chemistry for Pharmacy	30	70
2.	FAR 121/4	Microbiology for Pharmacy	30	70
3.	FAR 131/3	Basic Physiology	30	70
4.	FAR 151/4	Statistics for Pharmacy	30	70
5.	FAR 152/2	Public Health Pharmacy	40	60
(2^nd SEMESTER)
6.	FAR 112/3	Organic Chemistry I	30	70
7.	FAR 122/4	Dosage Form I	40	60
8.	FAR 141/4	Peripheral Nervous System and Therapy	30	70
9.	FAR 153/2	Communication Skills in Pharmacy Practice	40	60
10.	FAR 161/2	Basic Pharmacology and Immunopharmacology	30	70

[b] Core Courses - Level 200

NO.	CODE/ UNIT	COURSE TITLE	COURSE WORK (%)	EXAMINATION (%)
(1^st SEMESTER)
11.	FAR 211/3	Biochemistry and Basic Principels of Molecular Biology	30	70
12.	FAR 212/2	Principles of Medicinal Chemistry	30	70
13.	FAR 221/3	Physical Pharmacy I	30	70
14.	FAR 222/3	Dosage Form II	40	60
15.	FAR 241/4	Antimicrobial Therapy	30	70
(2^nd SEMESTER)
16.	FAR 213/4	Organic Chemistry II and Phytochemistry	30	70
17.	FAR 223/3	Physical Pharmacy II	30	70
18.	FAR 242/4	Endocrine System and Metabolism	30	70
19.	FAR 243/2	Pharmacognosy I	30	70
20.	FAR 251/2	Pharmacoinformatics	40	60

[c] Core Courses - Level 300

NO.	CODE/ UNIT	COURSE TITLE	COURSE WORK (%)	EXAMINATION (%)
(1^st SEMESTER)
21.	FAR 311/3	Pharmaceutical Analysis I	30	70
22.	FAR 321/3	Dosage Form Design I	30	70
23.	FAR 341/4	Respiratory, Renal and Blood Systems and Therapy	30	70
24.	FAR 342/3	Cardiovascular System and Therapy	30	70
25.	FAR 351/3	Pharmacy Practice	40	60
(2^nd SEMESTER)
26.	FAR 312/4	Pharmaceutical Analysis II	30	70
27.	FAR 322/4	Dosage Form Design II	40	60
28.	FAR 343/2	Gastrointestinal System and Therapy	30	70
29.	FAR 344/4	Central Nervous System and Therapy	30	70
30.	FAR 345/2	Pharmacognosy II	40	60
31.	FAR 381/0	Forensic Pharmacy and Ethics	-	100

[d] Core Courses - Level 400

NO.	CODE/ UNIT	COURSE TITLE	COURSE WORK (%)	EXAMINATION (%)
(1^st SEMESTER)
32.	FAR 441/2	Cancer Chemotherapy	30	70
33.	FAR 451/3	Clinical Pharmacy Concepts	40	60
34.	FAR 452/2	Clinical Pharmacokinetics	40	60
35.	FAR 453/3	Applied Therapeutics I	40	60
(2^nd SEMESTER)
36.	FAR 421/4	GMP and Quality Control	30	70
37.	FAR 454/3	Applied Therapeutics II	40	60
38.	FAR 455/4	Hospital Pharmacy Practice	40	60
39.	FAR 456/3	Community Pharmacy Practice	40	60

Elective

[a] Elective Courses - Level 100

NO.	CODE/ UNIT	COURSE TITLE	COURSE WORK (%)	EXAMINATION (%)
(1^st and 2^nd SEMESTER)
-	-	-	-	-

[b] Elective Courses - Level 200

NO.	CODE/ UNIT	COURSE TITLE	COURSE WORK (%)	EXAMINATION (%)
(1^st SEMESTER)
40.	FEL 271/2	Pharmaceutical Biotechnology	30	70
41.	FEL 272/2	Pharmacy Management	40	60
(2^nd SEMESTER)
42.	FEL 273/2	Veterinary Pharmacy	30	70

[c] Elective Courses - Level 300

NO.	CODE/ UNIT	COURSE TITLE	COURSE WORK (%)	EXAMINATION (%)
(1^st SEMESTER)
43.	FEL 371/2	Cosmetic and Toiletries	30	70
44.	FEL 372/2	Pharmaceutical Marketing	40	60
(2^nd SEMESTER)
45.	FEL 373/2	Drug Modelling	30	70
46.	FEL 374/2	Drug of Abuse and Society	30	70

[d] Elective Courses - Level 400

NO.	CODE/ UNIT	COURSE TITLE	COURSE WORK (%)	EXAMINATION (%)
(1^st SEMESTER)
47.	FEL 471/2	Pharmacoepidemiology	30	70
48.	FEL 472/4	Research Exercise	100	-
49.	FEL 473/2	Geriatric Pharmacy	40	60
(2^nd SEMESTER)
50.	FEL 474/2	Pharmacoeconomics	40	60

University Courses

[a] Ethnic relation Courses

The detail information regarding the course will be briefed during orientation week.

[b] Bahasa Malaysia Course

It is compulsory for all students to pass Bahasa Malaysia equivalent to Bahasa Malaysia IV (LKM 400) with a minimum grade of C (2.00). The conditions for registration of Bahasa Malaysia courses are as follows:

No.	Qualification		Grade	Course	Unit	Status
1.	No qualification		-	LKM 100	-	Compulsory
2.	a.	LKM 100	A – C	LKM 200	2	-
	b.	SPM/MCE/SC/MCE (or equivalent qualification)	Pass
3.	a.	LKM 200	A – C	LKM 300	2	-
	b.	Diagnostic Test	Pass			Compulsory
4.	a.	LKM 300	A – C	LKM 400	2	Compulsory
	b.	SPM/MCE/SAP (or equivalent qualification)	1-6			Requuirement for
	c.	STPM/HSC (or equivalent qualification)	P/S			Graduation

For further information, please refer to the Centre for Language Studies and Translation course manual.

[c] English Language Course

The conditions for registration of English Language courses are as follows:

No.	English Language Qualification	Grade	Course	Course Status
1.	LSP 401/402/403/404 MUET* ADVISE OF DIRECTOR	A - C Band 6 (Score 260–300)	LHP 451/452/453/454/ 455/456 LLS 307 (4 units) LPT 208/LPT 215	Compulsory/ Option (2 units)
2.	LSP 300 MUET* ADVISE OF DIRECTOR	A - C Band 5 (Score 22–259)	LSP 401/402/403/404	Compulsory (2 units)
3.	LSP 100 MUET* ADVISE OF DIRECTOR	A - C Band 4 (Score 180–219)	LSP 300	Compulsory (2 units)
4.	MUET* ADVICE OF DIRECTOR	Band 3/2/1 (Score 0-179)	LMT 100/Repeat MUET	Pre-requisite/ Audit (2 units)

Note:

(i) Four (4) units of English Language courses are required for graduation.

(ii) Students must obtain a minimum grade of C to pass all units of English Language courses.

(iii) For students who have acquired scores of 260 – 300 (Band 6), 4 unit English Language courses must be taken from advanced level courses (LHP 451/452/453/454/455/456/LLS 307 (4 units)/LPT 208/LPT 215) or from foreign language courses with written permission from the Director of Centre of Language Studies and Translation. (Please use the form provided by the Centre of Language Studies and Translation).

(iv) Students who have acquired MUET score of less than 180 will have to repeat MUET until a minimum score of Band 4 is obtained or will have to pass the proficiency course (LMT 100) with a minimum of grade C.

*MUET: Malaysian Universities English Test

For further information, please refer to the Centre for Language Studies and Translation course manual.

Course Coordinators

[a] Core Courses: 116 Units

No.Course Code Course Title Coordinator

1. FAR 111/4 - Principles of Chemistry for Pharmacy -Assoc. Prof. Ang Hooi Hoon

2. FAR 112/3 - Organic Chemistry I -Assoc. Prof. Amirin Sadikun

3. FAR 121/4 - Microbiology for Pharmacy -Assoc. Prof. Pazilah Ibrahim

4. FAR 122/4 - Dosage Form I -Assoc. Prof. Yvonne Tan

5. FAR 131/3 - Basic Physiology -Assoc. Prof. Mariam Ahmad

6. FAR 141/4 - Peripheral Nervous System and Therapy -Professor Ahmad Pauzi Md. Yusof

7. FAR 151/4 - Statistics for Pharmacy -Assoc. Prof. Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim

8. FAR 152/2 - Public Health Pharmacy -Assoc. Prof. Mohd Baidi Bahari

9. FAR 153/2 - Communication Skills in Pharmacy Practice -Assoc. Prof. Azmi Sarriff

10.FAR 161/2 - Basic Pharmacology and Immunopharmacology -Dr. Fatyah Ishsalynne Ishak

11.FAR 211/3 - Biochemistry and Basic Principles of -Dr Salizawati Muhamad Salhimi

Molecular Biology

12.FAR 212/2 - Principles of Medicinal Chemistry -Professor Zhari Ismail

13.FAR 213/4 - Organic Chemistry II and Phytochemistry -Assoc. Prof. Norhayati Ismail

14.FAR 221/3 - Physical Pharmacy I -Assoc. Prof. Azmin Mohd. Noor

15.FAR 222/3 - Dosage Form II -Assoc. Prof Dr. Yusrida Darwis

16.FAR 223/3 - Physical Pharmacy II -Assoc. Prof. Peh Kok Khiang

17.FAR 241/4 - Antimicrobial Therapy -Assoc. Prof. Abas Hj. Hussin

18.FAR 242/4 - Endocrine System and Metabolism -Pn. Khairul Niza Abdul Razak

19.FAR 243/2 - Pharmacognosy I -Professor Zhari Ismail

20.FAR 251/2 - Pharmacoinformatic -Assoc. Prof. Ab.Fatah Ab.Rahman

21.FAR 311/3 - Pharmaceutical Analysis I -Dr. Gam Lay Harn

22.FAR 312/2 - Pharmaceutical Analysis II -Dr. Nornisah Mohamed

23.FAR 321/3 - Dosage Form Design I -Professor Yuen Kah Hay

24.FAR 322/4 - Dosage Form Design II -Dr. Habibah A. Wahab

25.FAR 341/4 - Respiratory, Renal and Blood System and -Assoc. Prof. Munavvar Zubaid

Therapy

26.FAR 342/3 - Cardiovascular System and Therapy -Professor Chan Kit Lam

27.FAR 343/2 - Gastrointestinal System and Therapy -Assoc. Prof. Munavvar Zubaid

28.FAR 344/4 - Central Nervous System and Therapy -Dr. Rusliza Basir

29.FAR 345/2 - Pharmacognosy II -Assoc. Prof Saad Othman

30.FAR 351/3 - Pharmacy Practice -Assoc. Prof Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman

31.FAR 381/0 - Forensic Pharmacy and Ethics -Professor Saringat Hj. Baie

32.FAR 421/4 - GMP and Quality Control -Dr. Nurzalina Abdul Karim Khan

33.FAR 441/2 - Cancer Chemotherapy -Assoc. Prof. Saad Othman

34.FAR 451/3 - Clinical Pharmacy Concepts -Assoc. Prof. Zuraidah Mohd. Yusoff

35.FAR 452/2 - Clinical Pharmacokinetics -Assoc. Prof. Yahaya Hassan

36.FAR 453/3 - Applied Therapeutics I -Assoc. Prof. Noorizan Abd. Aziz

37.FAR 454/3 - Applied Therapeutics II -Assoc. Prof. Noorizan Abd. Aziz

38.FAR 455/4 - Hospital Pharmacy Practice -Assoc. Prof. Azmi Sarriff

[b] Elective Courses: 12 Units

1. FEL 271/2 - Pharmaceutical Biotechnology -Mr Mehdi Riazi

2. FEL 272/2 - Pharmacy Management -Assoc. Prof. Ab. Fatah Ab. Rahman

3. FEL 273/2 - Veterinary Pharmacy -Assoc. Prof. Mohd. Zaini Asmawi

4. FEL 371/2 - Cosmetic and Toiletries -Prof. Saringat Hj. Baie

5. FEL 372/2 - Pharmaceutical Marketing -Assoc. Prof. Mohd. Baidi Bahari

6. FEL 373/2 - Drug Modelling -Dr. Habibah A. Wahab

7. FEL 374/2 - Drug of Abuse and Society -Mr. Razak bin Lajis

8. FEL 471/2 - Pharmacoepidemiology -Assoc. Prof. Zuraidah Mohd. Yusoff

9. FEL 472/4 - Research Exercise -Dr. Nurzalina Abdul Karim Khan

10.FEL 473/2 - Geriatric Pharmacy -Assoc. Prof. Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman

11.FEL 474/2 - Pharmacoeconomics -Assoc. Prof. Mohd. Izham Mohd. Ibrahim

Guideline For Course/Unit Registration

LEVEL	100		200		300		400		TOTAL UNIT
YEAR	1		2		3		4
SEMESTER	I	II	I	II	I	II	I	II
CORE	17	15	15	15	16	14	10	14	116
ELECTIVE	-	-	FEL	FEL	FEL	FEL	FEL	FEL	12
			271/2	273/2	371/2	373/2	471/2	474/2
			FEL		FEL	FEL	FEL
			272/2		372/2	374/2	472/4
							FEL
							473/2
SKILLED/ ANALYSIS COURSE	-	-	-	-	2	2	2-4	2-4	15
TITAS	-	HTU	-	-	-	-	-	-
		221/2
		HTU
		222/2
ENGLISH LANGUAGE	2^+	-	2^+	2^+	2^+	2^+	2^+	2^+
BAHASA MELAYU	2^@	-	2^@	-	2^@	-	2^@	-
CO-CURRICULUM /OPTION	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
TOTAL	17- 20	15- 20	17- 20	17- 20	18- 20	16- 20	12- 20	14- 20	143

+English Language (Dependent on the English Language level)

@Bahasa Melayu IV (Compulsory to register and pass)

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE SCHOOL

All students are required to carry out practical training at any external organizations that are involved in pharmacy practive. The training is aimed to providing the students with a deeper understanding of the practical aspects of pharmacy. The training is carried in stages starting from year two of their study.

Level 200

Full academic term training at the Pharmacy Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Level 300

Two weeks visitation to pharmaceutical industries during the semester break.

Level 400

Two weeks training at any retail pharmacy in the country during the semester break.

BASIC TEACHING-LEARNING FACILITIES

The Teaching and Learning Laboratory in the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences is well equipped with necessities like computer and Internet access, video recorders, overhead projectors and television. In addition to these facilities, the laboratory also provides books and these for reference. Students who would like to borrow books from the school’s library will have to contact the Dean’s office. Besides these, the University’s Main Library has an extensive collection of media materials, reference textbooks and journals in all branches of pharmacy. Further information can be obtained from the library.

ACADEMIC ADVISOR SYSTEM

Each student will be allocated an academic staff who will serve as the student’s academic advisor for the entire duration of the student’s stay at the school. The latter’s functions include assisting the students on their choice of courses prior to registration and advising the students on other academic issues. Students are urged to discuss with their respective academic advisors with regard to any problem that they may be facing.

THE STUDENT-LECTURER COMMITTEE

The Student-Lecturer Committee is established in order to enhanve the relationships between the students and lecturers. The chairperson for this committee is the Deputy Dean (Academic and Students Development). The committee meets from time to time and it functions as an open forum to discuss issues on academic, welfare and non-academic activities. The Pharmacy students will elect student representatives at the beginning of every academic session.

SCHOOL GENERAL INFORMATION

[a] Career of a Pharmacist

Upon completion of a recognized B. Pharm, degree, a pharmacy graduate is required to undergo a period of housemanship or pupillage for 12 months at any general or private hospital, pharmaceutical industry or at any retail pharmacy recognized by the Pharmacy Board of Malaysia. The objective of the pupillage is for graduates to undergo a planned training programme on aspects of pharmacy practice under the supervision of a registered pharmacist. After passing the Forensic Pharmacy examination and completing one year of pupillage, graduates are eligible to register with the Pharmacy Board of Malaysia and may practice as a registered Pharmacist in Malaysia.

The career of a pharmacist offers a large scope of employment opportunities. A pharmacist may choose to work either in the government or in the private sector. In the government sector, job opportunities for the pharmacists are available in government hospitals, university hospitals and in military hospitals. Besides these, as enforcement officers, pharmacists play an important role in the field of enforcement and drug registration. While in the private sector, pharmacists may serve in private hospitals, community pharmacy, or as sales executives for local or multinational pharmaceutical companies. In the pharmaceutical industry, pharmacists may serve at the management or sales level, or they may be directly involved in the quality control and the manufacturing or development of drugs. Moreover, since quite a few institutes of higher education (IPT) are currently offering the Pharmacy course, the demand for academic staff is increasing.

At present, the job prospects for Pharmacists are very bright since there is a shortage of Pharmacists in both the public and private sectors. Pharmacy graduates will not be facing any problem in securing a job.

[b] USM Pharmacy Alumni

USM Pharmacy Alumni Society was formed at the Pharmacy School to provide the space and platform for USM pharmacy graduates to be actively involved and to directly contribute towards academic and non-academic activities in the School. By being involved in the Alumni Society, the USM pharmacy graduates will always be associated with the School and also the University after leaving the campus. The Pharmacy Alumni Society always appreciates bright and innovative ideas from the members to ensure that the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USM excels not only at the national level but also internationally. For those who are interested to join as a member or who needs further enquiries regarding the USM Pharmacy Alumni Society, please contact:

The USM Pharmacy Alumni Society

d/a: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Universiti Sains Malaysia

11800 Pulau Pinang.

[c] Gold Medal and Book Prizes

Besides the general award for all students in this University like the Royal Award made by the Malaysian Rulers Council and Chancellor’s Gold Medal, pharmacy students can win prizes that are exclusive for them as listed:

§ Malaysian Pharmaceutical Society (MPS)-UPHA Gold Medal Award

Awarded to the most outstanding (academic and non-academic) final year pharmacy students.

§ Universiti Sains Malaysia Book Prize

Awarded by Ciba-Geigy (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. to a final year pharmacy students who obtain the best results in Clinical Pharmacy.

§ Universiti Sains Malaysia Book Prize

Awarded by Alumni Pharmacy Society, Universiti Sains Malaysia to a final year pharmacy students who obtain the best results in Physiology during the pre-clinical years.

§ Glaxo Wellcome (M) Sdn. Bhd. Book Prize

Awarded to a final year pharmacy students who obtain the best results in Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmacology during the pre-clinical years.

§ Malaysian Pharmaceutical Traders and Manufacturers Association (MPTMA) Book Prize

Awarded to a final year pharmacy students who obtain the best results in Pharmaceutical Chemistry.

Selection of candidates for these awards is made by the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences based on the achievements of the candidates for the graduating year.

[d] Dean’s List

Awarded to students who obtain outstanding academic results (GPA ³ 3.5) in each semester.

[e] Pharmacy School Student’s Association

USM Pharmacy Students’ Association (PSFUSM) is the official association for the students of the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USM. PSFUSM acts as the channel for the students to exhibit their creativity and also to interact with one another, with Malaysian Pharmacy Association and also with the society in general. PSFUSM conducts projects throughout the academic term. These projects include community service, promotion of pharmacy profession and get-togethers with other pharmacy students form institutes of higher learning in Malaysia. One of the objectives of the projects is for the pharmacy students to experience and transfer the knowledge gained from their study years into their profession which the students will face in the future. The deputy dean for academics and student developments of the school and an academic staff will be acting as advisors for PSFUSM.

[f] Postgraduate Studies

Formed in 1972, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USM was the first educational centre that provides pharmaceutical education in Malaysia. Since its formation, it has always been committed to provide excellence in both teaching and research. Besides the undergraduate course, the School also offers Masters degree in Clinical Pharmacy by course work (M.Pharm.) and Masters in Science degree (MSc) and Ph.D by research.

The higher education programme has attracted many local as well as foreign postgraduate students. The overseas students come from Indonesia, Thailand, Pakistan, Libya, Sudan, Bangladesh, Ghana, Jordan, Yemen, St. Vincent and India. Research activities has been greatly enhanced since the last decade. The rapid growth in the research was due to the collaboration with local research centres and with local and foreign universities. For further enquiries regarding the postgraduate programme, please refer to the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences website at:

www.pha.usm.my/pharmacy/school_of_pharmaceutical_science1.htm

[g] Study Abroad Scheme

Universiti Sains Malaysia offers a Study Abroad Scheme to first and second year students who are interested in spending a semester at various institutions abroad. This scheme will expose students to international experience, while allowing them to transfer credit of subjects taken in institutions abroad. Further information on the scheme is available at the International Relations Office, Academic Affairs Department, USM.

COURSE SYNOPSIS

[a] Core Courses

FAR 111/4 – PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY FOR PHARMACY

Gaseous and liquids states. Properties of solutions. Characteristics of chemical equilibrium and determination of equilibrium constant. Ionic equilibria in aqueous solutions includes Debye-Huckel theory, solubility, selective precipitation, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, strong acid-strong base titration, weak acid-strong base titration, non-aqueous titration, indicators, buffer solution. Electrochemistry includes electrochemistry cell, galvanic cell, electrolysis, Nernst equation, Faraday’s law and potentiometric titration. Chemical kinetics includes factors affecting rate of reaction and Arrhenius equation. Chemical thermodynamics includes first, second, third law of thermodynamics and Hess’ law.

FAR 121/4 – MICROBIOLOGY FOR PHARMACY

This course provides an introduction to microbiology for Pharmacy students. It covers topics such as bacterial structure which includes the size and morphology of bacteria, external structures involved with movement of cells and attachment, and even the formation of endospores. This course also introduces basic microbiological techniques such as microscopic observation techniques, staining, isolation, culture, maintenance and storage of pure cultures, and even enumeration of bacteria. Students will also be introduced to topics such as bacterial growth, microbial nutrition and metabolism, bacterial genetics and classification of microorganisms. The principles of infection, transmission of infection and host-pathogen relationship will also be covered. Finally, students will also be taught on fungi and viruses on the aspects of structure, classification and clinical significance.

FAR 131/3 – BASIC PHYSIOLOGY

Introduction to general concepts and principles that are basic to the function of all systems. Review important aspects of cell physiology including internal environment of the body, passive exchange of water and solute, energy dependent transport across plasma membrane, regulation of cell volume, homeostasis, theory of control system and intercellular communication. A review of the microscopic structure of various tissues so as to develop an understanding of relationship between structure and function in the human body.

FAR 151/4 – STATISTICS FOR PHARMACY

This course introduces students to study designs and the basic concepts of statistics and to show them how these concepts can be used in making inferences from experimental data and from sample surveys. The medical biostatistics sections, particularly the vital statistics and epidemiology are also incorporated in the syllabus. In addition, the course would emphasize understanding of statistical procedures, how to choose correct statistical procedures, identify violations of statistical assumptions and how to interpret statistical results. Although computers are commonly used to carry out statistical analyses, the methods used to generate statistical output should be fully understood.

FAR 152E – PUBLIC HEALTH PHARMACY

Profession and practice of pharmacy focus directly (e.g. clinical) and indirectly (e.g. policy and regulation) on health and wellness of patients and society. The area of physical sciences, biology (biomedical) and socio-behavioral sciences need to be emphasized to achieve both aspects of health and wellness. Understanding the behavioral aspects and responsibilities of patients and health professionals towards their contributions and functions to the health care system are important. This course will expose students to sociological principles and the medical behavior and the importance of these aspects in health care and in the practice of pharmacy. The course includes: lectures, reading materials, case studies and discussions.

FAR 112/3 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

Hybrid orbitals of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. Sigma and pi bonds, molecular orbitals, and nomenclature of important organic compounds. Introduction to stereochemistry, geometrical isomerism and designation of the configuration using cis, trans, E and Z systems. Conformation of acyclic and cyclic compounds. Optical isomerism and designation of the configuration using D, L, threo, erythro, R and S systems. Reactions and stereochemistry of S_N1, S_N2, S_Ni nucleophilic substitutions, E1 and E2 eliminations, and electrophilic addition reactions to multiple bonds. Nucleophilic addition to double bonds and Diels-Alder reaction. Free-radical reactions and polymerization reactions involving radicals. Esterification, acetylation, hydrolysis, Hinsberg test, and Hofmann rearrangement reactions. Preparation of lactones, lactams, sulphonamides, amides and derivatives.

FAR 122/4 – DOSAGE FORM I

Prescription, latin abbreviation, law and pharmaceutical calculation. Preparation of internal solutions: elexir, linctus, paediatric eye drops, draught, gargles and mouth wash. Preparation of external and specialised solutions: douche, enema, liniment, collodion, ear and nose drops. Suspension and emulsion preparations. Powder and capsule preparations: bulk powder, packed, effervescent, hard and soft gelatine capsules, enteric coated tablets and capsules. Suppository preparations: suppository base, displacement value, preparation method, absorption via the rectum. Preparation of semi-solid: ointment and cream base, paste, gel, poultice, preparation methods of semi-solid and packaging. Flavouring and colouring agents. Incompatabilities: physical, chemical and therapeutic incompatabilities. Antiserum preparations: antitoxic, antibacteria and antiviral serums. Human blood preparations and introduction to biotechnology.

FAR 141/4 – PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THERAPY

Characteristics, structure and function of neuron, ganglion, synapse and neuro-effector junction of the autonomic nervous system and the somatic reflex arch. Concept, definition, process and mechanism of membrane potential, autonomic and somatic nervous system transmission, receptor activation and response production. Structure, organization and regulation of adrenergic, cholinergic and somatic nervous systems, neuro-effector mechanism (pathophysiology) with respect to cholinergic nervous system (e.g. myasthenia gravis, peripheral neuropathy and diarrhea) and adrenergic nervous system (e.g. hypertension, hypotension, pheochromocytoma and asthma). Introduction to drugs associated with autonomic nervous system with respect to mechanisms of action, metabolism, side-effects, structural-activity relationships and clinical indications.

FAR 153/2 – COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN PHARMACY PRACTICE

This is a basic course that provides an understanding of the theories, concepts, and techniques of interpersonal communication among patients, pharmacist practitioners, and health care professionals. This course aims to enhance skills and techniques for effective communication in drug counseling, provision of drug information, monitoring of drug therapy, and in promotion of pharmaceutical services.

FAR 161/2 – BASIC PHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

This course introduces the basic principles of pharmacology, which include the drug action theory, binding of drugs to receptors, pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) and pharmacodynamics of drugs, drug interaction, as well as interindividual variations which may influence the effects of drugs. In addition, a brief description of the human immune system, and the pathophysiology and drug therapy of common diseases associated with the immune system will also be taught during this course.

FAR 211/3 – BIOCHEMISTRY AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Introduction to basic biochemistry including classification, structure, chemical properties and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids and vitamins. Enzyme nomenclature, enzyme kinetics and enzyme inhibition. Purine and pyrimidine bases, nucleosides, nucleotides, DNA, denaturation, renaturation, hybridisation, RNA, determination of bases in nucleic acids and recombinant DNA. Role of enzymes and vitamins in the metabolism of the above compounds and inter-relationships among the metabolic cycles in human.

FAR212/2 – PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Definition and objectives of medicinal chemistry, classification of medicines and diseases. Measurement and expression of drug effects. The role of chemistry in the pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic phases. Drug nomenclature. Origin and the basis of search, discovery, development, and design of drugs. The role of physicochemical parameters in design and mechanism of drug action. Concepts related to structure and activity (SAR) and its quantitative aspects (QSAR). The role of stereochemistry in drug activity. Principles and the chemistry of drug metabolism/ biotransformations.

FAR 221/3 – PHYSICAL PHARMACY I

Physical Pharmacy I introduces the physicochemical principles of drugs which are involved in various aspects and includes solubilisation, release and absorption. Formulation and dosage form design of drugs; physical and chemical stability of the drugs together with any possible interactions. The topic covers aspects of crystallisation, bonding and forces between molecules and their clinical implications; the concept of solubility, dissolution processes, phase equilibrium, phase diagram and partition coefficient. Other aspects covered are ionisation, buffers, diffusion, complexation, colligative properties, isotonic solutions, gaseous laws, simple and fractional distillation of different types of solutions. Also included are surface and interfacial phenomena, free energy, surface tension, effects of solutes, soluble and insoluble monolayers, surface pressure, contact angle, dispersion, wetting, surface active agents, physical and chemical absorption of gaseous and solutes onto the solid surface and their isotherms.

FAR 222/3 – DOSAGE FORM II

Preparation of injections: administration, dosage form, formulation, stability, packaging and labelling. Ophthalmic preparations: dosage form, formulation, stability, isotonic calculation, packaging and labelling. Preservation principles: effect of contamination, the function of preservative, preservation principle, the choice of preservative. Sterilisation principles: sterility criteria and sterilisation methods. Aseptic techniques and aseptic room: source of contamination, design of the aseptic room and types of laminar flow cabinets. Suture and ligature: materials, types and sterilisation methods. Sterility test: sampling, culture medium and test methods. Pyrogen test: physiological effect, physico-chemical properties, detection and determination. Particle test: danger of particles, source of contamination, particle check, calculation method and USP test. Packaging integrity test: leakage specification and leakage test method.

FAR 241/4 – ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

This is an introductory course on infectious diseases. Students will be exposed to basic principles of the clinical usage of antimicrobial agents in infectious disease. As such, students are required to know the mechanism of actions of antimicrobial agents, their spectrum of antimicrobial activities, common side effects, pharmacokinetic characteristics, suitable diagnostic tests, dosing as well as monitoring of suitable antimicrobial agents. At the end of the course, students should be able to acquire skills to identify pathogens responsible for certain infectious diseases, choose suitable antimicrobial agents and able to monitor the efficacy and toxicity of such agents.

FAR 213/4 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY

Reaction mechanisms of nucleophillic addition at carbonyl and a, b unsaturated carbonyl groups, addition to  conjugated diene and carbanion reactions. Preparation and reactions of benzene and aromatic heterocyclic compounds. Natural products, their classification, biogenesis of acetates, shikimates and mevalonates. The uses, isolation, and qualitative identification of terpene, phenol, glycoside, alkaloid and other nitrogen containing compounds. Identification and function of fatty acid macromolecules, polyketides, lipids, polyacetylene, nucleic acids, RNA, DNA and polysaccharides. Theory and application of UV, IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy.

FAR 223/3 – PHYSICAL PHARMACY II

This course is a continuation of FAR 221/3 course, Physical Pharmacy I. The topics covered in this course include surfactant, suspension, emulsion and polymer systems as well as rheology in pharmacy. Students will be exposed to applications and use of surfactant in drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical formulations. The principles and physicochemical properties of suspensions, emulsions, colloids and polymers as well as their uses in pharmacy will be covered. Within the topics of rheology, emphasis will be given to the rheological properties, relevant laws and rheograms for Newtonian fluids, shear thinning (pseudoplastic) and shear thickening (dilatant) as well as Bingham and Casson viscoelastics (plastic) materials.

FAR 242/4 – ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND METABOLISM

Relationship between the endocrine system and the nervous system in maintaining homeostasis. General anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system with a special emphasis on the physiological function of each endocrine gland. Etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, signs and symptoms of common endocrine diseases. Pharmacological and chemical aspects of the drugs used in the treatment of these diseases which include the rationale of their usage, mechanisms of action, adverse effects and structure-activity relationship.

FAR243/2 – PHARMACOGNOSY I

WHO definition on herbal medicines. Regulatory status, Malaysian Herbal Policy, classification of natural drugs, taxonomy, and plant nomenclature, sources, biotechnology culture, cultivation, harvesting, storage, adulteration, characteristics, quality control, standardization, herbarium, arboretum, extraction, drying, formulation, pilot plant, herbal pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Clinical studies, research activities and development of local herbal medicines.

FAR 251/2 – PHARMACOINFORMATICS

This course exposes students to information systems and their roles in pharmaceutical care, teaches them how to evaluate sources of pharmaceutical information as well as the importance and validity of such information; and to consider the needs and advantages of technology in the management and retrieval of pharmaceutical information. The concept and aspects of telemedicine implemented in this country through the Multimedia Supercorridor projects, are taught in this course. To provide the skills required to search and evaluate pharmaceutical information, students are exposed to computerised data bases available at the library as well as on the Internet.

FAR 311/3 – PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS I

The course covers basic techniques and instrumentation for the analysis of drugs using in formulation and biological mucus. The principles of extraction, isolation and quantification analysis which involve titration and gravimetric methods. The general principles of chromatography, column chromatography, plain chromatography and electrophoresis. Quantitative analysis using absorption spectrometry (UV and visible). Basic instrumentation principles and the usage of spectrofluorophotometry, flame photometry and atomic absorption spectrometry.

FAR 321/3 – DOSAGE FORM DESIGN I

Preformulation: Phases involved in drug development. Preformulation studies; background, organoleptic, physical and dissolution characteristics, stability and compatibility. Heat transfer, drying and evaporation processes; conduction, convection mechanism and drying without heat. Formulation: biopharmaceutical considerations, drug delivery system, absorption mechanism through biological membrane, physicochemical factors, formulations and physiological factors affecting absorption. Pharmacokinetic consideration: first pass effect, first order kinetics, linear and non-linear kinetics, absorption, distribution and elimination processes. Pharmacokinetic models, plasma, serum and urine data analysis. Determination of absorption and in-vivo dissolution processes. Multiple dosage pharmacokinetics; drug accumulation and steady state, multiple dose functions, pharmacokinetic parameters. Bioavailability: 75/75 law and 90% confidence interval, correlation of in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Drug compatibility and interaction study. Stability study.

FAR 341/4 – RESPIRATORY, RENAL AND BLOOD SYSTEMS & THERAPY

This course gives a knowledge of the systemic physiology of the respiratory, renal and blood systems. An introduction to the pathophysiology related to these system is also discussed. Pharmacological and chemical aspects used in the treatment of these disorders include the rationale of drug usage, mechanism of action, structure activity relationships and their adverse effects.

FAR 342/3 – CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND THERAPY

Structure and function of the cardiovascular system. Heart sounds and electrocardiogram. Regulation of blood pressure. Pathophysiological and clinical manifestation of the cardiovascular system disorders: hypertension, angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias and hyperlipidemia. Pharmacological and chemical aspects of drugs used for the disorders including therapeutic indication, mechanism of actions, adverse effects, choice and rationale of drugs used and their structure-activity relationship.

FAR 351/3 – PHARMACY PRACTICE

This course will provide early clinical exposure to the students.  The practical will be able to assist students to improve their counseling skills, the choice of right drug and  ability to communicate in the appropriate manner.  This basic clinical concept together with the theoretical knowledge acquired from other basic papers are used to formulate a rational choice of therapy.  The content of the course include concept of pharmaceutical care, drug use and dispensing processes, labelling and auxillary information, approach in prescription screening, medication error, project summary, patient treatment, drug counseling and compliance and introduction to therapeutic practice.

FAR 312/2 – Pharmaceutical Analysis II

The principles and the basic techniques as well as the instrumentation for pharmaceutical analysis. The separation methods and the quantitative analysis are emphasised. The methods that are focussed are the electrochemical methods which include the voltametry analysis, amperometry analysis and the use of different electrodes; the chromatographic methods involves the high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and super critical fluid chromatography as well as sample preparations for these methods; bioanalytical methods include the immunoassay methods and the enzymatic assay.

FAR 322/4 – DOSAGE FORM DESIGN II

Tablets and capsules: function of active ingredient and exipients, mixing processes and efficiency, granulation, compaction and coating of tablets. Capsules filling. Quality controls: IPQC of content, uniformity of content, dissolution, disintegration etc. Dermatological and transdermal preparations: absorption through skin, local and systemic therapy, biopharmacy and formulation. Controlled release dosage form: pharmacokinetic , flip-flop model, dosage form design concepts. First order release and release of multiple doses. Formulation of controlled release microcapsules, granules and tablets and drug complexes. Single unit and multi-units preparations. Absorption in large intestine (colon). Gastro-intestinal transit. Delivery systems of novel drugs. Packaging of pharmaceutical products: packaging materials, types and design of package, product-package interactions, toxicity and danger of the package. Aerosols and inhalants: types of aerosols package components, types and uses of propellants, aerosol formulation, quality control tests: Types of inhalant products, distribution in respiratory system, local and systemic targetting/effects.

FAR 343/2 – GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM AND THERAPY

This course introduces the physiology and pathophysiology of the human gastrointestinal system as basis of appreciating the clinical disorders that arise from this system and related organs. Diseases such as the peptic ulcer, liver cirrhosis and and cholelithiasis will be discussed with regards to the manifestation, pharmacology of drugs used in the treatment and management of the condition. The rationale of drug therapy is further emphasized with an overview of the structure-activity relationship of drugs used in therapy as well as detailed account of usage and associated side-effects.

FAR 344/4 – CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THERAPY

This course is aimed at introducing the students to the physiological, pharmacological and clinical aspects of the central nervous system. The physiology component introduces the organizational structure and functional aspects of the central nervous system and its control as well as the related neurological disorders including epilepsy, depression, mania, Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. The pharmacology of central nervous system encompasses the drugs that influence the system and their mechanism of actions. The pharmacochemistry of the drugs involved is also introduced as well as the therapeutic approach used to treat diseases or disorders related to this system.

FAR 345/2 – PHARMACOGNOSY II

Students will be exposed to knowledge and information on western herbs and local herbs which are commonly used for treating various diseases in Malaysia as well as understanding the scientific basis for the usage of the herbs. This course would also help students to understand the mechanism of actions, the side effects and toxicities related to herbal usage. Students would also be exposed to information related to the possible interactions between herbs and modern drugs. Information on scientific research done by local researchers on the related herbs would also be reported.

FAR 381/0 – FORENSIC PHARMACY AND ETHICS

Students are required to pass the subject on Forensic Pharmacy (Pharmacy Laws on Poisons and Sale of Drugs and Ethics) before they are eligible to register as Registered Pharmacists. Students are required to learn Registration of Pharmacists Act 1951(Act 371) and Regulations, Poisons Act 1952 (Act 336) and Regulations, Poisons (Psychotropic Substances) Regulations 1989, Sale of Drugs Act 1952 (Act 368) and Control of Drugs and Cosmetics Regulations 1984, Medicines (Advertisement and Sale) Act 1956 (Act 290) and Regulations, Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 (Act 234) and Regulations. All Acts should include its amendments and revised versions to the most recent year.

FAR 441/2 – CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY

This course will provide knowledge to students on the overview of cancer as a disease including types of cancers, its etiology, pathophysiology and morbidity. Pharmacological and chemical aspects of anticancer drug would also be taught which include the mechanism of actions, the pharmacokinetic, the side effects and the structural activity relationship for the major group of cytotoxic drugs such as the alkylating agents, the antitumour antibiotics, the antimetabolites, the plant alkaloids and immunotherapy agents. The clinical aspect would include the role of oncology pharmacist in cancer management such as reconstitution and safe handling of cytotoxic drugs, the management of chemotherapy, management of adverse drug reactions and management of supportive care.

FAR 451/3 – CLINICAL PHARMACY CONCEPTS

This is an introductory course to clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care, which include basic concepts and approach to patient care. Students will be exposed to problem oriented medical record (POMR); interpretation of clinical laboratory data; drug monitoring; drug use in special cases such as during pregnancy, lactation, in the geriatrics, in the pediatrics and in critical care patient; principles of anesthesiology; fluid, electrolytes, colloid as well as blood products therapy. Students will also be introduced to pharmacoeconomics; pharmacotherapy outcome; principles of poisoning management; post marketing surveillance and monitoring of adverse drug reactions.

FAR 452/2 – CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS

This course discusses clinical pharmacokinetic and it's applications in therapeutics and therapeutic drug monitoring. Detail discussion of clinical pharmacokinetic characteristics and interpretation of plasma concentrations of the following drugs will be done: aminoglycosides, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, cyclosporin, digoxin, salicylate, theophylline and methotrexate. Pharmacokinetics in renal and hepatic failure and dialysis will also be discussed in this course to help students understand the therapy of renal and hepatic failure. 

FAR 453/3– APPLIED THERAPEUTICS I

This course will exposed the students to case studies which include pathophysiology, diagnosis process, signs and symptoms, interpretation of the laboratory reports and the management of the following diseases: renal diseases, pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic and endocrinology, shock, neurology, gastroenterology and hematology. The selection of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapy will be discussed. The factors affecting the choice of drug, route of administration and monitoring will also be discussed.

FAR 421/4 – GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE (GMP) AND QUALITY CONTROL

Introduction to quality control including Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Factors that affect the control of the manufacturing environment. Quality assurance of raw materials through the quality control of water and powders. Characteristics of powder that may affect its quality such as physical properties and powder flow. Methods of testing for these characteristics are included. Chemical analyses together with qualitative and quantitative determinations of chemical properties. Contamination and spoilage of liquid formulations, and the tests performed for quality control such as microbiological assay, microbial limit test, stability tests and test for the efficacy of a preservative. Packaging, storage and distribution of formulations. Statistical methods for the control of manufacturing processes.

FAR 454/3 – APPLIED THERAPEUTICS II

This course will provide knowledge and practical exposure on the application of basic sciences of pharmaceutical, therapeutic and clinical in the assessment and treatment of cases in infectious diseases, connective tissue diseases, mental disorders, skin diseases, and obstetric and gynecology. This course involves problem based learning by referring to cases such as meningitis, immunocompromized patients, respiratory tract infections, peritonitis, tuberculosis, malaria, endocarditis, HIV and sexually transmitted diseases. Cases in mental disorders include psychosis and affective disorders. Cases in connective tissue diseases include osteomyelitis and arthritis. For cases in obstetric and gynecology, case-problems would include preeclampsia, eclampsia, infertility and contraception.

FAR 455/4 – HOSPITAL PHARMACY PRACTICE

Various aspects of hospital pharmacy practice will be taught in this course including hospital pharmacy management, budget and inventory control, roles of hospital pharmacy service committees, aseptic dispensing service, in patient (ward) pharmacy, out patient pharmacy and counselling, pediatric pharmacy service, radiopharmacy, pharmacy service quality assurance, pharmacist intervention and hospital pharmacy research.

FAR 456/3 – COMMUNITY PHARMACY PRACTICE

This course provides an understanding of the theory and concept of pharmaceutical care in the contexts of primary care to the community. This course aims to provide knowledge and skills related to the use of nonprescription drugs and minor illnesses. The emphasis are in the area related to the analysis of signs and symptoms of minor illnesses, assessment of medical and medication histories, identifying and list of patient’s problems, design strategy and treatment plan, monitoring therapy, and plan for follow-up.

[b] Eelctive Courses

FEL 271/2 – PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Recent advances in the field of biotechnology have facilitated the utilisation of this technology for the production of various biopharmaceuticals, which may exceed by more than half the total number of pharmaceuticals being produced in the near future. The aim of this course is to introduce to the students the basics of the various pharmaceutical biotechnology, to include recombinant DNA technology, gene transfer and bacterial and mammalian cell fermentation processes. Students will also be introduced to cell culture technology encompassing hybridoma technique for the production of diagnostic and therapeutic antibodies, as well as the use of this technology for the screening of the characteristics of new pharmaceuticals. Its many applications include the in vitro screening of cytotoxic or immunomodulatory characteristics of various herbal products, cellular signal transduction study or for the screening of mycobacterial resistance to anti-microbial agents. This course will also introduce the applications of cell culture technology for the preparation of therapeutic cells for certain types of diseases. Various types of biopharmaceutical products in medicine and pharmacy as well as the legal and ethical implications of their uses will also be discussed.

FEL 272/2 – PHARMACY MANAGEMENT

The ability of pharmacy profession and pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical services which are accessible and affordable by all patients is very important for the sustainance of the profession and the well being of the society. The service must be transparent to the society and the provider if it is to be accepted and supported by them. This is almost impossible to achieve if pharmacists do not have the time, money, motivation and staff. Pharmacists must be able to integrate their knowledge and skills in economy and management with professional responsibilities and ethics. This course aims to provide students with knowledge of concepts and principles of management within the economic and professional pharmacy environment. This course is taught by different approaches e.g. lectures, reading materials, case studies and discussion.

FEL 273/2 – VETERINARY PHARMACY

The development of veterinary care from the early years to modern intensive farming. Animal diseases in relation to the economics and human health. Epidemiological knowledge in disease control programme. Special formulation and delivery system for intensive farming animal. Common diseases of farm animals and pets. Common drugs used in veterinary. therapeutic indication, mechanism of actions, spectrum of activity and formulation of antibiotics and antibacterials, anthelmintics, pesticides, coccidiostats and other antiprotozoal agents as well as growth promoter and hormones.

FEL 371/2 – COSMETICS AND TOILETRIES

The selection, importance and quality control of raw materials. The structure and physiology of skin. Skin-care products: skin wash, skin cleanser, skincare, sunblock, sunscreen and suntan products. The structure and physiology of hair. Hair-care products: shampoo, conditioner, perming and hair straightening agents, colours and hair spray. Coloured make-up preparations: for face, eyes, lips and nails. Source of body odour. Deodorants and antiperspirants. Baby Products. Dental Products: dental paste, dental powder, mouth wash, dental cleanser and denture adhesive. Perfumery: the origin and history of perfumery, types and classification of perfumes. Quality assurance: raw materials, final products, packaging and containers, good laboratory practice, good manufacturing practice, protection of the environment. Regulatory aspects.

FEL 372/2 – PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETING

This course is specifically designed for pharmacy students requiring comprehensive, clear and accurate knowledge and understanding about the problems, practices and application of marketing aspect in pharmacy profession. Concepts, principals and example used in the teaching are specific and related to the practice of pharmacy. It will include industry and community pharmacy practices. The students are expected to be able to relate the concepts and principals to the product and pharmacy practice services. The course will include lectures, reading, case studies and discussions.

FEL 373/2 – DRUG MODELLING

This course is intended to expose the students to the drug development pipeline from laboratory to commercialisation with particular emphasis on drug discovery processes. It is also aimed at introducing the students to the techniques used in rational drug design where molecular modelling and computational sciences methodologies are employed. Theories such as atomic, quantum and molecular mechanics, QSAR and Bioinformatics will also be introduced.

FEL 374/2 – DRUGS OF ABUSE AND SOCIETY

This course introduces the students to various important issues regarding drugs of abuse. This course explores several types of drugs of abuse commonly known to cause addiction and explains their pattern of use in tandem with technological changes, social structure and modernization. This course also introduces drug dependence in the context of usage, its widespread use and severity of chronic drug usage; this include several drugs such as nicotine and caffeine and more potent drugs of abuse such as heroin and cocaine. Discussion on various approaches in treatment and rehabilitation of drug addiction will also be included. A detail analysis of the current approaches of Pusat Serenti will also be emphasized.

FEL 471/2 – PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY

The course aims at giving the students knowledge and exposure to this new and rapidly growing discipline. Students will be introduced to various aspects of pharmacoepidemiology that play important role in therapeutics, medicine and public health. Topics discussed are the meaning of pharmacoepidemiology, its rationale and the significance of the pharmacoepidemiology research; several perspectives on pharmacoepidemiology; pharmacoepidemiology study designs and statistics; drug approval process for drug marketing; quality of life research as well as pharmacoepidemiology research applications and its effects on pharmacy.

FEL 472/4 – RESEARCH EXERCISE

Interested students will conduct research in one of the main disciplines of Pharmaceutical Sciences, i.e., pharmaceutical chemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pharmaceutical technology or clinical and administrative pharmacy. Research activities may be carried out at suitable locations such as USM, hospitals, community pharmacies or pharmaceutical industries. At the end of the semester, students will write a research report and present the research outcome for evaluation purposes. A portion of the marks will be contributed by the research supervisor and examiners during the oral examination/presentation (viva).

FEL 473/2 – GERIATRIC PHARMACY

The aspect of drug use in geriatric will be given special emphasis that include the following: aging processes and its effect on the use of drug, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes, polypharmacy and drug use, risk evaluation in the use of specific drugs, the effect of drugs use on the central nervous system, cardiovascular, muscular and bone, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems.  The evaluation of drug in geriatric will include the use of antibiotics, anticancer agents and health in men and women.

FEL 474/2 – PHARMACOECONOMICS

The introduction to pharmacoeconomics will give an overall picture of the role of economic evaluation in health care with the emphasis on issues related to pharmacy and health. Topics incorporated include the needs for economic evaluation in the health care sector and in the management of pharmacy sector, the types of economic evaluation, and assessment and measurement of health outcomes. This course will include lectures, reading materials, case studies and discussion.

READING LIST

[A] SOCIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PHARMACY

Main references

Day, R. A. How to write and publish a scientific paper.4^th ed. Phoenix: Oryx Press. 1994.

Dawson B, Trapp R.G. Basic and clinical Biostatics. Mc Graw Hill, 2001

Glover T and Mitchel K. An introduction to biostatistics. Mc Graw Hill, 2002

Razak et al. Panduan menulis disertasi: Gaya UKM Bangi. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 1992.

Reid, N.G & Jennifer, R.P. Research Methods and Statistics in Healthcare. Edward Arnold Pub. 1997.

Other references

Arya, J.C. and Lardner, R.W., Mathematics for Biological Sciences Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

Bruning, J.L. and Kintz, B.L., Computational Handbook of Statistics, 2^nd ed., Scott, Illinois: Foresman and Co., 1977.

Fraleigh, J.B., Calculus with Analytic Geometry, 3^rd ed. Addison-Wesley, Massachusetts, 1990.

Gentry, R.D., Introduction to Calculus for the Biological and Health Sciences, Addison Wesley Publishing Co., 1978.

Goldstein, L.J., et al., Calculus and its Applications, 4^th ed. Prentice Hall, U.S.A, 1987.

Purcell E. J. & Varberg D, Calculus with Analytic Geometry. 5^th ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1987.

Schefler, W.C., Statistics for Health professionals, California: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1984.

Seow, C.C, Ch'ng, H.S, Saleh M.N, Ghazali, Z. Panduan Penyediaan Tesis Ijazah Tinggi. Edisi Keenam. USM. 1995.

[B] PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY

Main references

Atkins, P. & de Paula, J. Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, 7^th Edition, Oxford University Press. 2002.

Bruice, P.Y. Organic Chemistry, 3^rd ed., Prentice-Hall International, 2004.

Christian, G.D., Analytical Chemistry, 5^th ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1994.

Evans, W.C. Trease & Evans Pharmacognosy, 14^th ed. W.B. Saunders Co. Ltd. London, 1998.

Wilson and Gisvold’s. Textbook of organic medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 10^th Edition, 1998.

Other references

Barrow, G.M, Physical Chemistry 5^th ed. McGraw Hill Inc., 1988.

Beckett and Stenlake, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 4^th ed., 2 vols., Athlone Press, London, 1987.

Blumenthal, M. The Complete German Commission E Monograph, Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. American Botanical Council, Austin, Texas and Integrative Medicine Communications, Boston, massauchusettes, 1998.

Brady, J.E. General Chemistry Principles and Structure 5^th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1990.

Burkill, I.H. A Dictionary of the Economic Products of Malay Peninsula, Vol I and Vol II, Ministry of Agriculture Co-operatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1966.

Campbell, M.K.: Biochemistry 2^nd ed. Saunders College Publishing, 1995.

Claus E.P, Tyler, V.E. and Brady, E., Pharmacognosy, 9^th Edn., Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1988.

Conn, E.E., Stumpf, P.K. Bruening, G. and Doi, R.H. Outlines of Biochemistry, Wiley, 1987.

Davidson, V.L. and Sittman, D.B. Biochemistry. 3^rd ed. Haural Publishing, 1993.

Day and Underwood, “Analisis Kuantitatif”, ed. Ke-4, Penerbit USM, Diterjemahkan oleh Tham Sock Ying dan Wang Shih Yung. 1987.

Dewick, P.M. Medicinal Natural Products. A biosynthetic approach. John Wiley & Sons: Chichester, 1998.

Dokumen WHO berkaitan Herbal medicines, 1999.

Fessenden, R.J. and Fessenden, J.S. Organic Chemistry, Wadsworth International Group, 1990.

Fifield, F.W. and Kealey, D., Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry, Blackie, 1990.

Freifelder, D., Malacinski, G.M. Jones & Bartlett, Essentials of molecular biology, 2^nd ed. 1992.

Gareth, T. Medicinal Chemistry : An Introduction. John Wiley & Sons 2000.

Harborne, J.B. Phytochemical Methods. A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis, 3^rd ed., Chapman & Hall: London, 1998.

Hargis, L.G., Analytical Chemistry: Principles and Techniques, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1988.

Harris, D.C., Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 3^rd ed., W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, 1993.

Jaganath, I.B. and Teik, N.L. “Herbs – The Green Pharmacy of Malaysia, Vinpress Sdn.Bhd. 2000.

Kissinger, P.T., Laboratory Techniques in Electroanalytical Chemistry, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1984.

Klug, W.S. & Cummings, M.R. Concepts of Genetics, Macmillan, 1994.

Korolkovas, A. Essentials of Medicinal Chemistry, 2^nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988.

Li Ning-hon, Chinese Herb of Hong Kong, Vol 1 – Vol 5, 1984.

Linsay, S., High Performance Liquid Chromatography, ACOL, Wiley, New York, 1991.

List, P.H. & Schmidt, P.C. Phytopharmaceutical Technology, CRC Press, Stuggart, 1989.

Mahan, B.H, and Myers, R.J. University Chemistry 4^th ed. California: Benjamin Cummings Publishing Co. Inc., 1987.

Malaysian Herbal Monographs, Vol. 1, Kementerian. Kesihatan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 1999.

Materia Medika Indonesia, Jilid 1 – Jilid IV, Departmen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 1980.

McMurry, J. Organic Chemistry, Brooks Cole Publishing Company, California, 2000.

Morrison and Boyd, Organic Chemistry, 5^th ed., New Delhi: Prentice Hall Of India, 1990.

Murray, R.K, Granner, D.K., Mayes, P.A. and Rodwell., V.W. Harper’s Biochemistry, 25^th edition McGraw Hill Publisher 2000.

Newal A.C et.al., Herbal Medicines-A Guide for Health-Care Professional, Pharmaceutical Press, London, 1996.

PDR for Herbal Medicine, 2^nd Edition, Medical Economic Company, Montvale, 2000.

Raff, L.M. Principles of Physical Chemistry, Prentice Hall, 2001.

Riley, T., Tomlinson, C. and James, A.M., Principles of Electroanalytical Methods, ACOL, Wiley, Singapore, 1987.

Rubinson, J.F and Rubinson, K.A. A contemporary chemical analysis. Prentice Hall 1998.

Seiko, M.J and Plane, R.A. Chemistry: Principles and Applications. 4^th ed. McGraw Hill Co., 1984.

Skoog, D.A., West, D.M. and Holler, F.J., Analytical Chemistry: an introduction, 6^th ed., Saunders College Publication, Philadelphia, 1994.

Solomons, T.W. G, Organic Chemistry, 6^th ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1996.

Stenlake, J.B. Foundations of Molecular Pharmacology, 2 Volumes. 2^nd Vol. The Chemical Basis of Drug Action, The Athlone Press, London. 1979

Stryer, L.& Freeman, W.H. Biochemistry, 1988.

Sykes, A. Guidebook to mechanism in Organic Chemistry, 6^th ed., London: Longman, 1986.

Taylor J.B. and Kennewell, P.D. Introductory Medicinal Chemistry, (1985), John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Trease, GE., and Evan, WC. Edition. Pharmacognosy, ELBS, Bailliere Tindal, 2000.

Tyler, V.E., Brady, L.R. and Robbers, J.E. Pharmacognosy, 9^th ed., Lea & Febiger: Philadelphia, 1988.

Voet, D., Voet, J.G. and Pratt, C.W.: Fundamentals of Biochemistry, John Wiley, 1999.

Wang, J., Analytical Electrochemistry, VCH, New York, 1994.

Wermuth, C.G. The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry, Academic Press, London. 1996

Wijesekera,. R.O.B (ed.) The Medicinal Plant Industry, CRC Press, Florida, 1991.

Willett, J., Gas Chromatography, ACOL, Wiley, New York, 1987.

Williams, D.H. & Fleming, I. Spectroscopic Methods In Organic Chemistry, 5^th ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1995.

Wilson, K. & Walker. J. (eds.), Practical Biochemistry, Principles & Techniques 4^th ed., 1992, Cambridge University Press.

Wolff, M.E. Burgers Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, (1995), Vol. 1, Principles and Practice, 5^th ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York.

[C] PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY

Main references

Aulton, M.E. Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design. 2^nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2002.

Brock, T.D. and Madigan, M.T. Biology of Microorganisms, 6^th ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 1991.

Cooper & Gunn, Pendispensan Untuk Penuntut Farmaseutik (Diterjemahkan oleh Pazilah Ibrahim dan Yvonne Tan Tze Fung), Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1992.

Hugo, W.B. and Russell, A.D., Pharmaceutical Microbiology, 6^th ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1998.

Lachman, L. and Lieberman, H.A. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 3^rd. ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. 1999.

Other references

Allen, M. & Tildesley, D. Computer simulations of liquids. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1987.

Anisfield, M.H. International Drug GMP’s. Interpharm Press Inc. 1993.

Ansel, H.C. et al Pharmaceutical Dosage Form & Drug Delivery Systems. 7^th ed. 1991

Athel Cornish-Bowden, A. and Eisenthal, R. “Computer Simulation as a Tool for Studying Metabolism and Drug Design”, pp. 165-172 in Technological and Medical Implications of Metabolic Control Analysis (ed. Athel Cornish-Bowden and Maria Luz Cardenas), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 2000.

Atkins, P. & de Paula, J. Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, 7^th Edition, Oxford University Press. 2002.

Atlas, R.M. Principles of Microbiology – 1^st ed. University of Louisville, Kentucky., Mosby Year Book Inc., Feb. 1995.

Avis, K.E. Pharmaceutical dosage forms: Parenteral medications Vol.1, 2^nd ed., Dekker. 1995.

Banker, G.S. & Rhodes, C.T. Modern Pharmaceutics, 2^nd ed., Marcel Dekker. 1995.

Black, J.G. Microbiology – Principles and explorations 5^th ed. Marymouth University, John Wiley & Sons. Inc., Nov 2001.

Block, S.S. Disinfection, Sterilization and Preservation, 3^rd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1983.

Board, R.G., Allwood, M.C. and Banks, J.G. Preservatives in the Food, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Industries, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 1987

British National Formulary, current edition. The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and The British Medical Association.

British Pharmacoepoeia Commision. British Pharmacopoeia. HMSO. 2001.

Brooks, G. Biotechnology in Healthcare, Pharmaceutical Press. 1998.

Brown, T.A. Gene Cloning – An Introduction, 3^rd ed., Chapman & Hall. 1998.

Bustamante, P. and Martin, A.N. Physical Pharmacies : Physical Chemical Principles in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Feb 1993.

Campbell, N.A. and Reece, J.B. Biology 6^th ed., Benjamin Cumming. 2002.

Chien, Y.W. Novel Drug Delivery Systems, 3^rd ed., Marcel Dekker. 1996.

Cohen, C. Guidebook on Molecular Modeling in Drug Design ed. Academic Press. 1996.

Collet, D.M. and Aulton M.E. (ed.). Pharmaceutical Practice. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1990.

Current concepts in Pharm. Science : Dosage Form Design & Bioavailability 4^th ed., Pub : Lea & Febiger., 1991.

Dean, D.A. Pharmaceutical packaging technology, Taylor & Francis, UK. 2000.

Estrin, N.F. (Ed.) The cosmetic Industry: Scientific and Regulatory Foundations. Marcel Dekker, NY, 1984.

Florence, A.T. & Attwood, D. Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy, 3^rd ed., Macmillan. 1998.

Florence, A.T. and Attwood D. Physico-Chemical Principles of Pharmacy, 3^rd ed. New York: Macmillan Publ. Co., 1998.

Gibaldi, M., Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 4^th ed., Lea and Febiger. 1991.

Glick, B.R. and Pasternak, J.J. Molecular Biotechnology; Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA, 3^rd ed., ASM Press. 2002.

Good Clinical Practices Guidelines 5^th ed., Brookwood Medical Publication Ltd. http://www.fda.gov/cder/bioequivdata/index.htm 1993.

Habibah, A.W, Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship of Iron Chelators. MSc Thesis, King’s College London. 1994.

http://emc.vhc.net On-line Summaries of Product Information, the Virtual Health Network on behalf of the Association of British Pharmaceutical Industry.

International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects Geneva. 1993.

Junginger H.E., Drug Targetting & Delivery : Concepts in Dosage Form Design (Ellis Horwood series in Pharm. Tech.) Ellis Horwood Ltd, April 1993

Knowlton, J. and Pearce, S. Handbook of cosmetic science and technology. Elsevier Advanced Technology, Oxford, UK, 1993.

Kubinyi, H.L, Drug Design, Theory, Methods and Applications. ESCOM Publishers 1993.

Laden, K. (Ed.) Principles of polymer science and technology in cosmetics and personal care. Marcel Dekker, NY. 1999.

Laszlo, R. Packaging design : An introduction. Chapman & Hall, UK. 1989.

Leach, A.R., Molecular Modelling: Principles and Applications, Longman, Singapore 1996.

Lund, W. The Pharmaceutical Codex: Principles and Practice of Pharmaceutics, 12^th ed., Pharmaceutical Press. 1994.

Magdassi, S. and Touitou E. (Ed.) Novel cosmetic delivery systems. Marcel Dekker, NY, 1999.

Malaysia Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 1999.

Malaysian Guidelines for the Conduct of Bioavailability Studies Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2000.

Martin, A.N. Physical Pharmacy: Physical Chemistry Principles in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4^th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1993.

Martindale. The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 32^nd ed., Pharmaceutical Press. 1999.

MIMS: Malaysia. DIMS Current edition. Medi Metal International Group.

Moskowitz, H.R., Consumer testing and evaluation of personal care products. Marcel Dekker, NY, 1996.

Moskowitz, H.R., Cosmetic product testing & modern psychophysical approach. Marcel Dekker, NY, 1984.

Notari. Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: An Introduction, 3^rd ed. New York: Marcell Dekker, 1980.

Paine, F.A. The packaging media. Blackie for the Council of the Institute of Packaging. 1977.

Parrott, E.L. Pharmaceutical Technology , Burgess. 1997.

Pharmaceutical Press The Pharmaceutical Codex, 12^th ed., Pharmaceutical Press. 1994.

Rawlins, E.A. (ed.). Bentley’s Texbook of Pharmaceutics, 8^th. ed. London: Bailiere Tindall, 1977.

Saringat, H.B. Tablet, 2^nd. ed. Pulau Pinang: Universiti Sains Malaysia, 1984.

Saringat, H.B. Kuliah dalam Teknologi Farmaseutik. Pulau Pinang: Universiti Sains Malaysia, 1996.

Saringat, H.B., Mohd. Isa, A.M. and Azmin, M.N. Formulasi I. Pulau Pinang: Universiti Sains Malaysia, 1995.

Shargel, L. and Andrew, A.B.C. Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, 4^th. ed. Prentice Hall International Inc., 1999.

Shaw, D.J. Introduction to Colloid and Surface Chemistry, 4^th ed. London: Butterworths. 1992.

Shrewsbury, M.M. Applied Pharmaceutics in Compounding, Morton Publishing Company. 2001.

Smith Introduction to Pharmaceutical Calculations. Pharmaceutical Press. 2000.

Sweetman, S. Martindale : The Complete Drug Reference, 33^rd ed., Pharmaceutical Press. 2002.

Umbach, W. (Ed.) Cosmetics and Toiletries, Development, Production and Use. Ellis Horwood Ltd, England, 1991.

United States Pharmacopoeia – National Formulary USP 25 NF 20 United States Pharmacopoeia. 2001.

United States Pharmacopoeia, 24^th Revision, USP Convention. 2002.

Washington, N., Washington, C. and Wilson, C. Physiological Pharmaceutics, Taylor & Francis. 2001.

Weiner, DB and Williams, WV Chemical and Structural Approaches to Rational Drug Design, CRC Press 1995.

Welling, P.G., Pharmacokinetics: Precosses and Mathematics. Am.Chem.Soc., Washington, 1986.

Williams, D.F. and Schmitt, W.H., (Ed.) Chemistry and technology of the cosmetics and toiletries industry. 2^nd edition, Blackie Academic & Professional, London, UK, 1996.

Wolff, M.E, Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery. 5^th ed. Volume 1, New York, John Wiley. 1995.

Yuen Kah Hay, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Approaches to Individualizing Dosage Regimens. Penang: University Science Malaysia. 1995.

Yuen, K.H. Farmakokinetik Asas dan Pemonitoran Drug Terapeutik. Pulau Pinang: Universiti Sains Malaysia. 1996.

[D] PHYSIOLOGY

Main references

Bern, R.M. and Levy, M.N., Principles of Physiology 3^rd. ed., Mosby, 2000.

Ganong, W.F. Review of Medical Physiology. 20^th ed. Mc Graw Hill, New York, 2001.

Guyton, A.C., Fisiologi Manusia dan Mekanisme Penyakit (Jilid 1). Diterjemahkan oleh Ahmad Pauzi Md. Yusof, Mariam Ahmad, M. Zaini Asmawi, Munavvar Zubaid dan Yusrida Darwis. Penerbitan USM, 1999, Jilid I, II, dan III.

Tortora, G.J. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 10^th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2002.

Vander, A.J. Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function. 8^th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001.

Other references

Green, J.H., Fisiologi Klinikal Asas, Edisi Ketiga. Diterjemahkan oleh Ahmad Pauzi Md. Yusof dan Mariam Ahmad, U.S.M/D.B.P, 1989.

Greenspan, F.S. and Gardner, D.G. Basic & Clinical Endocrinology 6^th ed. Mc Graw Hill, New York, 2001.

Guyton, A.C. and Hall, J.E. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 10^th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia, 2000.

Guyton, A.C., Fisiologi Manusia dan Mekanisme Penyakit (Jilid 2). Diterjemahkan oleh Ahmad Pauzi Md. Yusof, Mariam Ahmad, M. Zaini Asmawi, Munavvar Zubaid dan Yusrida Darwis. Penerbitan USM, 1999.

Guyton, A.C., Fisiologi Manusia dan Mekanisme Penyakit (Jilid 3). Diterjemahkan oleh Ahmad Pauzi Md. Yusof, Mariam Ahmad, M. Zaini Asmawi, Munavvar Zubaid dan Yusrida Darwis. Penerbitan USM, 1999.

Junqueira, L.C. Basic Histology 9^th ed. Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Conn., 1998.

Lamb, J.F. et al. Asas Fisiologi. Diterjemahkan oleh Mariam Ahmad dan Ahmad Pauzi Md. Yusof. Penerbit USM 2001.

Wheater, P.R. Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas 4^th. ed. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 2000.

[E] PHARMACOLOGY

Main references

Dale, M.M, Foreman, J.C and Tai-Ping D. Textbook of Immunopharmacology. 3^rd edition. Blackwell Science Inc. 1994.

Gibson, G.G. and Skett, P. Introduction to Drug Metabolism 2^nd ed. Blackie Academic Professional, London, 1994.

Gilman, A.G., Rall, T.W., Nies, A.S. and Taylor, P. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 10^th ed. Pergamon Press, USA. 2001

Rang, H.P., Dale, M.M. and Ritter, J.M. Pharmacology, 4^th ed. Churchill Livingstone, 2000.

Smith, C.M and Reynard, A.M. Textbook of Pharmacology 2^nd ed.. WB Saunders. Philadelphia, 1995.

Other references

Abas, H.H. Farmakologi Perubatan Sekali Imbas (terjemahan), Penerbit USM, 1999.

Abas, H.H, Abu Bakar, A.M and Samsinah, H,H, Panduan Farmakologi (terjemahan), DBP, 1996.

Alias, A., Abas, H.H., Dzulkifli, A.R. Farmakologi Klinikal (terjemahan) 6^th ed. Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2001.

Benjamini, E., Coico, R. and Sunshine, G. Immunology: A short course. John Wiley & Sons. 2001.

Bogan, J.A et.al (eds) Pharmacological basis of large animal medicine, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1983.

Brander, G.C. Chemicals for animal health control, Taylor & Francis, London. 1986.

Broadley, K.J. Autonomic pharmacology, Taylor & Francis, 1996.

Brody T. M., Larner J. and Minneman K. P., Human Pharmacology - Molecular to Clinical, 3^rd ed., Mosby, New York, 1999.

Craig C.R. and Stitzel R., Modern Pharmacology With Medical Applications, 5^th ed. Little Brown and Company, 1997.

Descotes, J. An Introduction to Immunotoxicology. Taylor & Francis. 1999.

DiPalmer, J.R. and DiGregorio, G.J. Basic Pharmacology in Medicine, 3^rd. ed., McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1990.

Ebadi, M., Pharmacology: An Illustrated Review With Questions and Explanations, Little Brown and Company, New York, 1996.

Gilman, S.C. and Rogers, T. J. Immunopharmacology. CRC Press. 1989.

Harvey, R.A. and Champe, P.C. Lippincott’s Illustrated Review: Pharmacology Lippincott. Philadelphia, 1992.

Hitner, H and Nagle, B. Basic Pharmacology 4^th ed. Glencoe & McGraw-Hill. New York, 1999.

Katzung, B.G., Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 8^th ed. Prentice Hall International, London, 2001.

Laurence D.R., Bennett P.N. & Brown M.J., Clinical Pharmacology. 8^th ed. Churchill Livingstone, London. 1997.

Lilley L.L., Auker R.S. and Albanese J.A., Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, Mosby, New York. 1996.

Mohamad Azmie Z. Panduan ubat veterinari untuk haiwan besar, Jabatan Perkhidmatan Haiwan, Kementerian Pertanian, Malaysia. 1991.

Neal, M.J. Medical Pharmacology At A Glance. 3^rd ed. Blackwell Science, 1997.

Page C. P., Curtis M. J., Sutter M. C., Walker M. J. A. and Hoffman B. B., Integrated Pharmacology, Mosby, London, 1997.

Parfitt, K [Ed], Martindale - The Complete Drug Reference, 32^nd ed. Pharmaceutical Press, 1999.

Parker,W.H. Health and disease in farm animals, Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1980.

Playfair, J. et al. Immunology at a Glance. Blackwell Science Inc. 1996.

Roitt, I. and Brostoff, J. Immunology. Mosby Inc. 2001.

Sainsbury, D. Animal health. Granada Publishing, London 1983.

Walker D. and Renweck A., Principles of Medical Pharmacology, Bailliere Trindall, London, 1994.

Yoxal, A.T et.al (eds) Pharmacological basis of small animal medicine, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1979.

[F] CLINICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PHARMACY

Main references

Abdul. Fatah, A.R, Praktis Farmasi Hospital. Panduan Untuk Pelajar dan Profesional, USM. 2002.

DiPiro, J.T. et al. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, Elsevier, London, 2002.

Effective Pharmacy Management - A comprehensive presentation of practical management techniques for pharmacists, 6th ed. by Marion Merrel Dow Inc. (USA). 1990.

Evans WE, Sabentas JJ, Jusko WJ. Applied pharmacokinetics- Principles of therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Applied Therapeutic Inc. 2003

Lloyd, Y.Y., Koda-Kimble, Applied Therapeutic: The Clinical Use of Drugs, 7^th ed.

San Francisco: Applied Therapeutic Inc. 2000.

Other references

Abu Bakar, A.M, Noorizan, A.A. and Sarnsinah, H.H. Radiofarmasi. USM, 1996.

Adelman, A.M. and Daly, M.P. 20 Common Problems in Geriatrics. 2000.

Azmi, S. Asas Kaunseling Drug, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 1996.

Beck, J.C., Abrass, I.B. and Burton, J.R. The Year book of Geriatrics and Gerontology. Hardcover Year Book Medical Pub. 1991.

Beers, M.H. and Berkow, R. The Merck Manual of Geriatrics. Merck & Co., Inc., USA. 3^rd ed, 2000.

Bootman, Townsend and McGhan, Principles of Pharmacoeconomics, Harvey Whitney Books and Co., 1991.

British National Formulary. British Medical Association and the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 2003.

Brown, T.R. and Smith, M.C. Handbook Institutional Pharmacy Practice 3 rd. ed., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. 1992.

Carroll, N.V. Financial Management for Pharmacists. A decision-making approach. William & Wilkins Asia-Pacific Ltd. 1999.

Charles H. Brown. Handbook of Drug Therapy Monitoring. William & Wilkins Asia-Pacific Ltd. 1990.

Delaware & Steward. Therapeutic in the elderly. 3^rd ed. Harvey Whitney Books Cincinnati, USA, 2000.

Dodds, L. Drug in Use. 2^nd ed. Pharmaceutical Press, UK. 1996.

Drug Information, Bethesda: American Society of Hospital Pharmacist, 2003.

Facts and Comparison: Drug Information, St. Louis: Facts and Comprison Inc. Mo 63146, 1994.

Gordon, S.C.B. Textbook of radiopharmacy : theory and practice. Breach Science Publisher, New York 1990.

Greene, R.J. and Harris, N. Pathology and Therapeutics for Pharmacists - A Basis for Clinical Pharmacy Practice. Chapman & Hall, London. 1993.

Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 12^th ed. American Pharmaceutical Association, Washington. 2000.

Hansten, P..D : Drug Interactions, 5^th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1987.

Harman, R.J. Handbook of Pharmacy Health-care. Diseases and patient advice. Pharmaceutical Press, UK. 1999

Harris, R.D and Ramsey, A.T. Kaunseling Penjagaan Kesihatan – suatu pendekatan tingkahlaku. Rahmatullah Khan (penyunting terjemahan) Penerbit USM. 1997.

Hartzema, A.G. Porta, M.S. and Tilson, H.H. Pharmacoepidemiology, An Introduction, 2^nd ed. Harvey Whitney Books, 1991.

Herfindal, E.T. and Gourley, D.R. , Text Book of Therapeutics, 7^th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 2001.

Knoben, J.E. and Anderson, P.O.: Handbook of Clinical Drug Data, 7^th ed. Illinois: Drug Intelligence Publications Inc. 1994.

Meldrum, H. Interpersonal Communication in Pharmaceutical Care. Pharmaceutical Product Press. New York. 1994.

Practice standards of ASHP. American Society of Health-System Pharmacist, Bethesda, MD. 2000-2001

Rantucci, M.J. Pharmacist Talking with Patients. A Guide to Patient Counseling. Williams and Wilkins Baltimore. 1997.

Rombeau, J.L. and Caldwell, M.D. Clinical nutrition - Parenteral Nutrition, W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia. 1993.

Rowland, M. and Tozer, T.N: Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Concepts and Applications. 3^rd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1995.

Saha, G.B. Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy. 3^rd ed. 1999.

Schumacher, G.E. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Appleton & Lange. 1995.

Semla, T.P., Beizer Judith, L. and Higbee, M.D. Geriatric dosage handbook, 6^th ed. 2001.

Stanaszek, W.F. Stanaszek, M.J. Holt, R.J. and Strauss, S. Understanding Medical Terms - A Guide for Pharmacy Practice. American Society of Health System Pharmacist, Bethesda. 1992.

Strom, B.L. Pharmacoepidemiology, Edition, Churchill Livingston. 1994.

Tindall, W.N, Beardsley, R.S. and Kimberlin, C.L. Communication skills in pharmacy practice. Lea & Febiger. 1994.

Traub, S.L. Basic Skills in Interpreting Laboratory Data. 2^nd ed. American Society of Health System Pharmacist, Bethesda. 1996.

USP-DI Vol. I Information for the Health Care Provider, 22^nd ed. Pennyslvania: The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. 2003.

Ward, P.R and Noyce, P.R. Criteria for assessing the appropriateness of patient counselling in community pharmacies. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 34: 170-174, 2000.

Yuen, K.H Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Approaches to Individualizing Dosage Regimen, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang. 1995.

Extra references

Waning, Brenda, M.P.H., R.Ph, and Montagne, Michael, R.Ph., Ph.D., and McCloskey, William W, Pharm.D, Pharmacoepidemiology: Principles & Practice, McGraw-Hill Medical, 2001.

Abraham G. Hartzema (Editor), Miquel S. Porta (Editor), Hugh Hanna Tilson (Editor), Pharmacoepidemiology: An Introduction (Paperback), Harvey Whitney Books Company, 3^rd edition.

Brian L Strom, Pharmaceopidemiology, Chichester; New York: Wiley, ©2000.

Bonk, Robert J., Pharmacoeconomics in Perspective: a Primer on Research, Techniques, and Information, Pharmacetical Products Press/Haworth.

Tom Walley, Alan Haycox and Angela Boland, Pharmacoeconomics’, elsevier; 2003.

David P. Zgarrick, Shane Desselle, Pharmacy Management, McGraw-Hill 2004.

Dennis H Tootelian; Ralph M Gaedeke, Essentials of pharmacy management, St. Louis; Mosby, ©1993.

Mickey c. Smith, PhD and E.M. “Mick” Kolassa, PhD., Pharmaceutical Marketing: Principles, Environment and Practice, The Haworth Press, Inc.

Albert E. Wertheimer, PhD, RPh, MBA, Mickey C. Smith, PhD, International Drug Regulatory Mechanism, The Haworth Press, Inc, 2003.

Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim, Razak Lajis, Mohd Isa Abdul Majid, Mengenali Dadah dan Bahayanya Terhadap Masyarakat, DBP.

Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim, Konsep Asas Proses Penyelidikan dan Statistik untuk Profesional Kesihatan, USM 2002.

ENQUIRIES

Please direct specific enquiries regarding courses and academic activities related to Pharmaceutical Sciences to:

Dean

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Universiti Sains Malaysia

11800 Pulau Pinang

Phone Number: 06-653 3888 ext. 2211

Fax Number: 04-657 0017

E-mail: dean_pha@usm.my

For further information on the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, please surf the website, http://www.usm.my.

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