Dosage Form 1

This is the basic course that introduces the students to various pharmaceutical dosage forms, anti-serum, human blood and biotechnological preparations.  Topics such as dosage form designs, pharmaceutical calculations, methods of preparation, dispensing procedures, labeling and packaging requirements are also discussed.  The students are also introduced to a computer software to do recording of patient information, keeping medication profile and labelling of prescription . This course consists of two components ie lectures and practicals. 

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course the students will be able to: 

·         Interpret and understand prescriptions written in Latin abbreviation, English or Bahasa Malaysia,

·         Calculate and discuss the method of preparation for various pharmaceutical dosage forms,

·         Prepare, label and package commonly dispensed preparations in pharmacies and hospital,

·         Use the computer software package to do recording of patient information, keeping medication profile and labeling of prescription

·         Identify the usage and importance of anti-serum preparations, human blood products and biotechnological preparations.

 References 

**Aulton, M.E. (Ed.) Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design, 2nd edition, Churchill, Livingstone, New York, 2002.

**Ansel, H.C. and M.J. Stoklosa, Pharmaceutical Calculations, 12^th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, USA, 2005.

**British Pharmaceutical Codex, The pharmaceutical press, London, 1973.

**British Pharmacopoeia (the newest edition).

**Winfield, A.J. and Richards, R.M.E. (Ed) Pharmaceutical Practice, 3rd edition, Churchill Livingstone, 2004.

**Carter, S. J. (Ed.) Cooper and Gunn Dispensing for pharmaceutical students 12 edition, Pitman Medical, 1977.

**Carter, S. J. (Ed.) Cooper and Gunn Pendispensan untuk Penuntut Farmaseutik, Translated by Pazilah Ibrahim and Yvonne Tze Fung Tan, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur, 1992.

**Collett, D. M. and Aulton, M.E. (Ed.) Pharmaceutical Practice, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1990.

**Gennaro, A.R., (Ed.) Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 21^st Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, USA, 2005.

Howard, C.A. Introduction to pharmaceutical dosage forms. 2^nd edition, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1976.

Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia. (the newest edition).

Saringat Hj Baie, Kuliah di dalam Teknologi Farmaseutik, penerbit USM, Pulau Pinang, 1985.

Allen, L.V. Jr. The Art, Science, and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compounding, American Pharmaceutical Association, 1998.

**The pharmaceutical Codex, Principles and practice of Pharmaceutics, 12 edition, The pharmaceutical press, London, 1994.

Thompson, J.E., A Practical Guide to Contemporary Pharmacy Practice. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, USA, 1998.

(** most recommended)

Dosage Form 2

The aim of this course is to introduce students to various sterile pharmaceutical dosage forms.  Preparation of injections:  administration, dosage form, formulation, stability, packaging and labelling.  Ophthalmic preparations:  dosage form, formulation, stability, isotonic calculation, packaging and labelling.  Preservation principles:  effect of contamination, the function of preservative, preservation principle, the choice of preservative.  Sterilisation principles:  sterility criteria and sterilisation methods.  Aseptic techniques and aseptic room:  source of contamination, design of the aseptic room and types of laminar flow cabinets.  Suture and ligature:  materials, types and sterilisation methods.  Sterility test:  sampling, culture medium and test methods.  Pyrogen test:  physiological effect, physico-chemical properties, detection and determination.  Particle test:  danger of particles, source of contamination, particle check, calculation method and USP test.  Packaging integrity test:  leakage specification and leakage test method. 

Learning outcomes 

At the end of the course the students will be able to: 

• ·         Explain sterile pharmaceutical dosage forms.

• ·         Discuss the method of sterilization for pharmaceutical products.

• ·         Describe preservative systems for pharmaceutical dosage forms.

• ·         Prepare label and package for sterile products.

• ·         Explain various testing method required for sterile products. 

References 

**Aulton, M.E. (Ed.) Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design, 2nd edition, Churchill, Livingstone, New York, USA 2002.

**Ansel, H.C. and M.J. Stoklosa, Pharmaceutical Calculations, 12^th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, USA, 2005.

Avis, K.E., Lieberman, H.A. and Lachman, L.(Ed) Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Parenteral Medications 2nd edn, Vol 1 & 2, Marcel Dekker Inc., USA, 1992.

**Turco, S. and King, R. E., Sterile Dosage Forms-Their Preparation and Clinical Application, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, USA, 3^rd edition, 1987.

**British Pharmaceutical Codex, The pharmaceutical press, London, 1973.

**British Pharmacopoeia (the newest edition).

**Winfield, A.J. and Richards, R.M.E. (Ed) Pharmaceutical Practice, 3rd edition, Churchill Livingstone, 2004.

**Carter, S. J. (Ed.) Cooper and Gunn Dispensing for pharmaceutical students 12 edition, Pitman Medical, 1977.

**Carter, S. J. (Ed.) Cooper and Gunn Pendispensan untuk Penuntut Farmaseutik, Translated by Pazilah Ibrahim and Yvonne Tze Fung Tan, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur, 1992.

**Collett, D. M. and Aulton, M.E. (Ed.) Pharmaceutical Practice, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1990.

**Gennaro, A.R., (Ed.) Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 21^st Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, USA, 2005.

Howard, C.A. Introduction to pharmaceutical dosage forms. 2^nd edition, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1976.

Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia. (the newest edition).

Saringat Hj Baie, Kuliah di dalam Teknologi Farmaseutik, penerbit USM, Pulau Pinang, 1985.

Allen, L.V. Jr. The Art, Science, and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compounding, American Pharmaceutical Association, 1998.

**The pharmaceutical Codex, Principles and practice of Pharmaceutics, 12 edition, The pharmaceutical press, London, 1994.

Thompson, J.E., A Practical Guide to Contemporary Pharmacy Practice. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, USA, 1998.

(** most recommended)

Cosmetics and Toiletries

The selection, importance and quality control of raw materials. The structure and physiology of skin. Skin-care products: skin wash, skin cleanser, skincare, sunblock, sunscreen and suntan products. The structure and physiology of hair. Hair-care products: shampoo, conditioner, perming and hair straightening agents, colours and hair spray. Coloured make-up preparations: for face, eyes, lips and nails. Source of body odour. Deodorants and antiperspirants. Baby Products. Dental Products: dental paste, dental powder, mouth wash, dental cleanser and denture adhesive. Perfumery: the origin and history of perfumery, types and classification of perfumes. Quality assurance: raw materials, final products, packaging and containers, good laboratory practice, good manufacturing practice, protection of the environment. Regulatory aspects. 

Learning outcomes 

At the end of the course the students will be able to: 

• ·         Formulate and evaluate selected cosmetic products.

• ·         Register cosmetic products.

• ·         Conduct market survey on cosmetic preparations.

References 

Magdassi, S. and Touitou, E (Ed), Novel cosmetic delivery systems, Marcel Dekker, Inc., NY, USA, 1999.

Flick, E. W. (Ed), Cosmetic and toiletry formulations, 2nd edition Vol 8, Noyes Publications, Norwich, NY, USA, 2001.